印度2019年《跨性别者法》中的健康权与性别肯定程序。
Right to Health and Gender-Affirmative Procedure in the Transgender Persons Act 2019 in India.
作者信息
Jain Dipika
机构信息
Centre for Justice, Law and Society, Jindal Global Law School, O. P. Jindal Global University, New Delhi, India.
出版信息
Indian J Plast Surg. 2022 Jul 14;55(2):205-210. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1749137. eCollection 2022 Apr.
The Transgender Persons Act, 2019 mandates that the government ensures medical facilities provide care to transgender persons (including for gender-affirmative procedures) and review medical curricula to address the health needs of transgender persons. However, despite the enactment of the law, many transgender and gender-variant persons in India struggle to access essential health care services. Legal provisions on health care strip them of their right to self-determination by setting up complex bureaucratic processes for the legal recognition of gender identity. In this article, I critically examine the health care provisions in the Act and the lack of efficient legal criteria for gender-affirming procedures, as well as the basic flaws in the medicalized model of legal recognition of trans persons' gender identity, which not only characterize the Act but also have serious implications for its implementation across the country.
2019年《跨性别者法》规定，政府应确保医疗机构为跨性别者提供护理（包括性别肯定程序），并审查医学课程以满足跨性别者的健康需求。然而，尽管该法律已颁布，但印度许多跨性别者和性别变异者仍难以获得基本医疗服务。医疗保健方面的法律规定通过设立复杂的官僚程序来进行性别认同的法律认可，从而剥夺了他们的自决权。在本文中，我批判性地审视了该法案中的医疗保健条款以及性别肯定程序缺乏有效的法律标准，以及跨性别者性别认同法律认可的医学化模式中的基本缺陷，这些不仅是该法案的特征，也对其在全国的实施产生了严重影响。
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