Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2023 Jan;70(1):e12943. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12943. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Sulfur is a required macroelement for all organisms, and sulfate deficiency causes growth and developmental defects. Arylsulfatases (ARS) hydrolyze sulfate from sulfate esters and make sulfate bioavailable for plant uptake. These enzymes are found in microorganisms and animals; however, plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene. Our database searches found nineteen ARS genes in the genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Among these, ARS1 and ARS2 were studied in the literature; however, the remaining seventeen gene models were not studied. Our results show that putative polypeptide sequences of the ARS gene models all have the sulfatase domain and sulfatase motifs found in known ARSs. Phylogenetic analyses show that C. reinhardtii proteins are in close branches with Volvox carterii proteins while they were clustered in a separate group from Homo sapiens and bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodopirellula baltica SH1), except human Sulf1, Sulf2, and GNS are clustered with algal ARSs. RT-PCR analyses showed that transcription of ARS6, ARS7, ARS11, ARS12, ARS13, ARS17, and ARS19 increased under sulfate deficiency. However, this increase was not as high as the increase seen in ARS2. Since plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene, our results highlight the importance of microbial ARS genes.
硫是所有生物体必需的大量元素，硫酸盐缺乏会导致生长和发育缺陷。芳基硫酸酯酶 (ARS) 将硫酸盐从硫酸盐酯中水解出来，使硫酸盐可供植物吸收。这些酶存在于微生物和动物中；然而，植物基因组不编码任何 ARS 基因。我们的数据库搜索在衣藻的基因组中发现了十九个 ARS 基因。其中，ARS1 和 ARS2 在文献中进行了研究；然而，其余十七个基因模型尚未研究。我们的结果表明，ARS 基因模型的假定多肽序列都具有已知 ARS 中发现的硫酸酯酶结构域和硫酸酯酶基序。系统发育分析表明，衣藻蛋白与衣藻蛋白紧密分支，而与人类和细菌物种（铜绿假单胞菌和波罗的海红假单胞菌 SH1）分离，除了人类 Sulf1、Sulf2 和 GNS 与藻类 ARS 聚类。RT-PCR 分析表明，ARS6、ARS7、ARS11、ARS12、ARS13、ARS17 和 ARS19 的转录在硫酸盐缺乏时增加。然而，这种增加不如 ARS2 增加的那么高。由于植物基因组不编码任何 ARS 基因，我们的结果强调了微生物 ARS 基因的重要性。
