CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
UMTRI, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(8):488-493. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2112676. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
The purpose of the current study is to use 3D technology to measure in-vehicle belt fit both with and without booster seats across different vehicles among a large, diverse sample of children and to compare belt fit with and without a booster.
Lap and shoulder belt fit were measured for 108 children ages 6-12 years sitting in the second-row, outboard seats of three vehicles from October 2017 to March 2018. Each child was measured with no booster, a backless booster, and a high-back (HB) booster in three different vehicles. Alternative high-back (HB HW) and backless boosters that could accommodate higher weights were used for children who were too large to fit in the standard boosters. Lap and torso belt scores were computed based on the belt location relative to skeletal landmarks.
Both lap and torso belt fit scores were significantly different across vehicles when using the vehicle belt alone (no booster). In all vehicles, lap belt fit improved when using boosters compared with no booster among children ages 6-12 years in rear seats-with one exception of the HB HW booster in the minivan. Torso belt fit improved when using boosters compared with no booster in the sedan, and torso belt fit improved in the minivan and SUV with the use of HB and HB HW boosters when compared with no booster.
Lap and torso belt fit for children ages 6-12 years in rear seats was substantially improved by using boosters. Parents and caregivers should continue to have their children use booster seats until vehicle seat belts fit properly which likely does not occur until children are 9-12 years old. Decision makers can consider strengthening child passenger restraint laws with booster seat provisions that require children who have outgrown car seats to use booster seats until at least age 9 to improve belt fit and reduce crash injuries and deaths.
本研究旨在使用 3D 技术测量不同车辆中大量不同儿童的车内安全带在使用和不使用增高垫时的贴合情况，并比较使用和不使用增高垫时的安全带贴合情况。
2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 3 月，对 108 名 6-12 岁的儿童进行了研究，他们坐在三辆汽车的后排外侧座位上。每个孩子分别在没有 booster、无背式 booster 和高背（HB）booster 的情况下在三辆不同的车辆中进行了测量。对于那些太大而无法使用标准 booster 的孩子，使用了可容纳更高重量的替代高背（HB HW）和无背式 booster。根据安全带相对于骨骼标志的位置计算了 lap 和躯干安全带的评分。
当仅使用车辆安全带（无 booster）时，不同车辆的 lap 和躯干安全带贴合评分差异显著。在所有车辆中，与无 booster 相比，后座的 6-12 岁儿童使用 booster 时，lap 安全带贴合度有所改善——只有在小型货车的 HB HW booster 中除外。与无 booster 相比，使用 booster 时，躯干安全带贴合度在轿车中得到改善，在小型货车和 SUV 中，与无 booster 相比，使用 HB 和 HB HW booster 时，躯干安全带贴合度得到改善。
对于 6-12 岁的儿童，在后座使用 booster 可以显著改善 lap 和躯干安全带的贴合度。家长和照顾者应继续让孩子使用 booster 座椅，直到车辆安全带合适为止，这可能要到孩子 9-12 岁才会发生。决策者可以考虑通过 booster 座椅规定来加强儿童乘客约束法，要求已经超出汽车座椅的儿童在至少 9 岁之前使用 booster 座椅，以改善安全带贴合度，减少碰撞伤害和死亡。
