Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Microb Pathog. 2022 Oct;171:105728. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105728. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
Circa 20 years ago, a new type of defense mechanism was described in neutrophils. At the time, this mechanism corresponded to the extrusion of DNA, associated with histones, granular and cytosolic proteins from the cell and it was produced in response to exposure to pathogens or interleukins. The resulting NET-like structure was described as to entrap and/or kill microbes. However, shortly after the discovery the so-called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, it was soon noticed and often mentioned in the literature that certain microbes are able to evade NET-mediated entrapment and/or death, to the point where its antimicrobial capacities were questioned, depending on the infection context. In this review, we summarize the diversity of strategies published thus far that viruses, fungi, bacteria and protists employ as to prevent or endure NETs. Moreover, we point to a few perspectives on the matter and a few evolutionary speculations on NETs evasion.
大约 20 年前，人们在中性粒细胞中描述了一种新型防御机制。当时，这种机制对应于细胞内 DNA 的挤出，与组蛋白、颗粒和细胞质蛋白一起被挤出，并且是对病原体或白细胞介素暴露的反应产生的。由此产生的类似 NET 的结构被描述为捕获和/或杀死微生物。然而，在所谓的中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱被发现后不久，人们很快注意到并经常在文献中提到，某些微生物能够逃避 NET 介导的捕获和/或死亡，以至于其抗微生物能力受到质疑，这取决于感染的情况。在这篇综述中，我们总结了迄今为止已发表的各种策略，这些策略是病毒、真菌、细菌和原生动物用来防止或忍受 NETs 的。此外，我们还指出了一些关于这个问题的观点，并对 NETs 逃避进行了一些进化推测。
