Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 15;243:113972. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113972. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological changes occur due to dopamine depletion in basal ganglia region of the brain. PD aetiology is not yet elucidated clearly but genetic and environmental factors play a prominent role in disease occurrence. Despite of various environmental factors, pesticides exposure has been convicted as major candidate in PD pathogenesis. Among various pesticides 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely investigated in PD following with paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), organochlorines (OC) and rotenone. Effect of these pesticides has been suggested to be involved in oxidative stress, alterations in dopamine transporters, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrillation, and neuroinflammation in PD. The present review discusses the influence of pesticides in neurodegeneration and its related epidemiological studies conducted in PD. Furthermore, we have deliberated the common pesticides involved in PD and its associated genetic alterations and the probable mechanism of them behind PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conclude that pesticides play a prominent role in PD pathogenesis and advance research is needed to investigate the alterations in genetic and mechanistic aspects of PD.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，主要针对运动症状，如震颤、僵硬、运动迟缓以及姿势不稳。这些生理变化是由于大脑基底神经节区域多巴胺耗竭引起的。PD 的病因尚未明确，但遗传和环境因素在疾病发生中起着重要作用。尽管存在各种环境因素，但农药暴露已被认为是 PD 发病机制中的主要候选因素。在各种农药中，1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）在 PD 中得到了广泛研究，其次是百草枯（PQ）、代森锰（MB）、有机氯（OC）和鱼藤酮。这些农药的作用被认为与氧化应激、多巴胺转运体改变、线粒体功能障碍、α-突触核蛋白（αSyn）纤维形成以及 PD 中的神经炎症有关。本文综述了农药在神经退行性变中的影响及其在 PD 中进行的相关流行病学研究。此外，我们还讨论了与 PD 相关的常见农药及其相关遗传改变，以及它们在 PD 发病机制背后的可能机制。因此，我们得出结论，农药在 PD 发病机制中起着重要作用，需要进一步研究以探讨 PD 中遗传和机制方面的改变。
