Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Finland; Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Finland.
Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Finland; Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Finland.
J Commun Disord. 2022 Sep-Oct;99:106256. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106256. Epub 2022 Aug 20.
Today, children with hearing loss (HL) are diagnosed and fitted with hearing devices at an early age. However, HL may still influence their communicative development. Thus, we need up-to-date research on how children perform in their everyday environments, such as at home or daycare. This study provides an overview of the communication abilities of early-diagnosed children with HL reported by parents and daycare professionals. The first aim of the study is to compare the results of children with bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs) or bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) with those of children with normal hearing (NH) and with each other. The second aim of the study is to compare the views of the two respondents, parents and the daycare professionals. In addition, the effects of gender and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) on the responses are explored.
The participants, aged 4;0-6;9, were 25 children with BiHAs, 29 children with BiCIs, and 64 children with NH. The Finnish version of the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2) was used to assess the communication skills of the participants.
Group and nonverbal IQ had a significant effect on the General Communication Composite (GCC) score. Both groups of children with HL had poorer GCC scores than the children with NH, apart from the respondent. The BiHA-group had significantly lower scores than the NH-group on Speech, Syntax, Semantics, and Coherence subscales. The BiCI-group had significantly lower scores than the NH-group across all subscales of the CCC-2. The parents rated the participants significantly higher than the daycare professionals in Speech and Social Relations. In contrast, the daycare professionals rated the participants higher than the parents in Coherence, Inappropriate Initiation, Stereotyped Language, and Use of Context. Furthermore, gender influenced Coherence, Nonverbal Communication, Social Relations, and Interests, for which the girls performed better than the boys. The nonverbal IQ had an effect on Syntax, Semantics, and Use of Context, for which higher nonverbal IQ was associated with better performance.
On average the children with HL had poorer communication skills than the children with NH. Pragmatic difficulties were more common in the BiCI-group than in the BiHA-group. The respondents were not completely unanimous, which may be because of the different demands of different environments.
如今，患有听力损失（HL）的儿童在很小的时候就被诊断并佩戴了听力设备。然而，HL 仍可能影响他们的交际发展。因此，我们需要有关儿童在家庭或日托等日常环境中表现的最新研究。本研究概述了父母和日托专业人员报告的早期诊断为 HL 的儿童的沟通能力。该研究的第一个目的是比较双侧助听器（BiHAs）或双侧人工耳蜗植入（BiCIs）儿童、正常听力（NH）儿童和彼此之间的结果。该研究的第二个目的是比较两个受访者（父母和日托专业人员）的观点。此外，还探讨了性别和非言语智商（IQ）对反应的影响。
参与者年龄为 4；0-6；9 岁，包括 25 名佩戴 BiHAs 的儿童、29 名佩戴 BiCIs 的儿童和 64 名 NH 儿童。使用芬兰版儿童沟通检查表-2（CCC-2）评估参与者的沟通技能。
组和非言语智商对一般沟通综合评分（GCC）有显著影响。除了受访者，两组 HL 儿童的 GCC 评分均低于 NH 儿童。BiHA 组在言语、语法、语义和连贯性子量表上的得分明显低于 NH 组。BiCI 组在 CCC-2 的所有子量表上的得分均明显低于 NH 组。父母对孩子的评价明显高于日托专业人员在言语和社会关系方面的评价。相比之下，日托专业人员对孩子的评价高于父母在连贯性、不当启动、刻板语言和上下文使用方面的评价。此外，性别影响了连贯性、非言语交流、社会关系和兴趣，女孩在这些方面的表现优于男孩。非言语智商对语法、语义和上下文使用有影响，较高的非言语智商与较好的表现相关。
平均而言，HL 儿童的沟通技巧比 NH 儿童差。BiCI 组比 BiHA 组更常见语用困难。受访者并不完全一致，这可能是因为不同环境的需求不同。
