不同冷却空气速度的精确空气供应冷却系统对哺乳母猪繁殖性能、应激状态、免疫球蛋白和粪便微生物群的影响。

Effect of precision air supply cooling system with different cooling air speed on reproductive performance, stress status, immunoglobulin and fecal microbiota of lactating sows.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Guangdong Yihao Foodstuffs Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.

出版信息

J Therm Biol. 2022 Aug;108:103249. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103249. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

DOI:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103249

PMID:36031201

Abstract

This study investigated the precision air supply cooling system with different cooling air speed on reproductive performance, stress status, immunity and intestinal microbiota of sows. A total of 36 sows were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (CON, n = 12) without cooling system, low cooling air speed (2.24 ± 0.11 m/s) group (LCAS, n = 12) with precision air supply cooling system, high cooling air speed (3.33 ± 0.11 m/s) group (HCAS, n = 12) with precision air supply cooling system. The average daily ambient temperature and relative humidity in experimental farrowing rooms were 28 °C-32 °C and 65%-90%, respectively, during daytime (8:00-20:00). The reproductive performance, respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), rectal temperature (RT) salivary parameters and fecal microbiota of lactating sows were measured. The results showed that compared with CON group, average daily feed intake of sows and average daily gain of piglets were increased (P < 0.05) in LCAS and HCAS groups. The RR, BST and RT were decreased (P < 0.05) in LCAS and HCAS groups in wk 1 before parturition and wk 2 after parturition. The salivary cortisol and alpha amylase level of LCAS and HCAS sows were decreased (P < 0.05) on d 14 after parturition, while the salivary immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G level of LCAS and HCAS sows were increased (P < 0.05) on d 7 after parturition. The LCAS and HCAS sows showed higher relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in feces, which was positively associated with immunoglobulin A (P < 0.01). In conclusion, both low and high cooling air speed improved reproductive performance, alleviated stress status, and enhanced salivary immunoglobulins and beneficial fecal microbiota community in lactating sows, which indicated that precision air supply cooling system could be an effective cooling strategy for lactating sows in high ambient temperature.

摘要

本研究旨在探讨不同冷却空气速度的精密空气供应冷却系统对母猪繁殖性能、应激状态、免疫和肠道微生物群的影响。将 36 头母猪随机分为三组：对照组（CON，n=12）无冷却系统、低冷却空气速度组（LCAS，n=12）采用精密空气供应冷却系统、高冷却空气速度组（HCAS，n=12）采用精密空气供应冷却系统。实验产仔舍白天（8:00-20:00）平均环境温度和相对湿度分别为 28°C-32°C 和 65%-90%。测量哺乳期母猪的繁殖性能、呼吸率（RR）、体表面温度（BST）、直肠温度（RT）、唾液参数和粪便微生物群。结果表明，与 CON 组相比，LCAS 和 HCAS 组母猪的日均采食量和仔猪的日均增重均增加（P<0.05）。分娩前第 1 周和分娩后第 2 周，LCAS 和 HCAS 组母猪的 RR、BST 和 RT 均降低（P<0.05）。LCAS 和 HCAS 母猪产后第 14 天唾液皮质醇和α-淀粉酶水平降低（P<0.05），产后第 7 天唾液免疫球蛋白 A 和免疫球蛋白 G 水平升高（P<0.05）。LCAS 和 HCAS 母猪粪便中梭状芽孢杆菌属 sensu stricto 1 的相对丰度较高，与免疫球蛋白 A 呈正相关（P<0.01）。综上所述，低冷却空气速度和高冷却空气速度均能提高母猪繁殖性能，缓解应激状态，增强哺乳期母猪唾液免疫球蛋白和有益的粪便微生物群，表明在高温环境下，精密空气供应冷却系统是一种有效的哺乳母猪冷却策略。