Bhoovarahan Sunanda, Reddy Harshavardhan N
Department of ENT, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054 India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Aug;74(Suppl 1):612-618. doi: 10.1007/s12070-021-02365-7. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Hearing is a special sense needed for appropriate mental, speech and language development and academic performance. Even among normal babies, 50% of cases of hearing loss are missed out if screening protocol is not followed. In this study, we assess the hearing of all neonates born and brought to the tertiary care hospital, and also find out how many well babies with hearing loss would have been missed if this screening had not been done. Hence, the study aims to estimate the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss and study the associated risk factors. Neonates (N = 1559) attended the outpatient department of paediatrics were included. A detailed history of the neonates with special emphasis on prenatal, natal, postnatal, family history, and maternal risk factors were elicited. Three-stage hearing testing protocol was followed with transient evoked otoacoustic emission testing, a gold standard test for stage 1 and 2 and brainstem evoked response audiometry for stage 3. Of 1559 neonates, 138 had hearing loss. History of drug intake, order of the child, place of delivery and maternal history were the significant factors associated with hearing loss in neonates. Bivariate analysis revealed order of child, maternal history, and history of drug taken were the significant factors affecting the hearing loss in the neonates ( < 0.001). The prevalence of hearing loss was 8.85%. Early detection of hearing loss is essential for timely intervention and development of optimal communication skills. Further studies are required to decide the essentiality of Universal New-born hearing screening.
听力是正常心理、言语和语言发育以及学业表现所必需的特殊感官。即使在正常婴儿中，如果不遵循筛查方案，50% 的听力损失病例也会被漏诊。在本研究中，我们评估了所有在三级医院出生并就诊的新生儿的听力，并找出如果未进行此项筛查会有多少听力损失的健康婴儿被漏诊。因此，本研究旨在估计新生儿听力损失的患病率并研究相关危险因素。纳入了在儿科门诊就诊的 1559 名新生儿。详细询问了新生儿的病史，特别强调了产前、产时、产后、家族史和母亲的危险因素。采用三阶段听力测试方案，第一阶段和第二阶段采用瞬态诱发耳声发射测试这一金标准测试，第三阶段采用脑干听觉诱发电位测听。在 1559 名新生儿中，138 名有听力损失。药物摄入史、孩子排行、分娩地点和母亲病史是与新生儿听力损失相关的重要因素。双变量分析显示孩子排行、母亲病史和药物摄入史是影响新生儿听力损失的重要因素（<0.001）。听力损失的患病率为 8.85%。早期发现听力损失对于及时干预和培养最佳沟通技能至关重要。需要进一步研究以确定普遍新生儿听力筛查的必要性。
