Civil Engineering Department, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Paiyanoor, Chennai, India.
Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2022 Aug 18;2022:1606590. doi: 10.1155/2022/1606590. eCollection 2022.
In spite of Ethiopia's abundant water resources, such as rainwater, groundwater, river, and lake, there has been an increase in the demand for potable water during the past decade. Since 1990, Ethiopia has only achieved 57 percent of the Millennium Development Goal target for access to safe drinking water. Inadequate access to clean potable water and sewerage services and lack of good hygiene practices have a negative impact on health and nutrition, such as diarrheal disease which is one of the leading causes of mortality among children under the age of five in Ethiopia. The objective of the present study is to assess the water demand in Yergalem Tula Kebele, which will be used in the sustainable potable water supply design for the city. The water demand analysis is based on a geometric method of population forecasting with an annual growth rate of 3%. The total water demand (domestic and nondomestic water demands) projection has also been made and the per capita water demand of 25 liters for a distance of 0.5 km from the water distribution point for rural piped water supply system is adopted, as per GTP-II minimum service level. The mode and level of services considered for community water supplies include public fountains and institutions (i.e., schools and health centers/posts) with stand water points.
尽管埃塞俄比亚拥有丰富的水资源，如雨水、地下水、河流和湖泊，但在过去十年中，对饮用水的需求不断增加。自 1990 年以来，埃塞俄比亚仅实现了获得安全饮用水的千年发展目标的 57%。由于缺乏清洁的饮用水和污水服务以及良好的卫生习惯，这对健康和营养产生了负面影响，例如腹泻病，这是埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一。本研究的目的是评估 Yergalem Tula 可比勒的用水需求，这将用于该市可持续饮用水供应设计。用水需求分析基于人口预测的几何方法，年增长率为 3%。还对总需水量（国内和非国内需水量）进行了预测，并采用 GTP-II 最低服务水平，即距离配水点 0.5 公里处的农村管道供水系统的人均 25 升用水量。为社区供水考虑的服务模式和水平包括公共喷泉和机构（即学校和卫生中心/站）的常设供水点。
