Zhong Hong, Zhang Jiahua, Xia Jiaai, Zhu Yuting, Chen Chen, Shan Chunjian, Cui Xianwei
School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 10;9:924301. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924301. eCollection 2022.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) commonly leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term metabolic complications in offspring. Breastfeeding has been shown to rewrite the fetal "metabolic programming" resulting from maternal diabetes and finally lead to a lower risk of future metabolic disease. Lipids in breast milk act like hormones to promote infant growth and development, but there is minimal information invested thus far in constitution changes of lipids in breast milk, especially in the context of GDM. In the present study, we performed a lipidomics analysis to compare the lipid composition in breast milk collected from women with or without GDM. We further revealed the correlations of dysregulated lipids in breast milk with maternal glucose and infant physical development. A total of 833 lipid species from 15 classes were identified, 60 of which were found to be significantly altered in response to the high glucose, suggesting a remarkable lipid profiling change in breast milk induced by GDM. Our results showed significant associations between dysregulated lipids (e.g., neutral lipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids) and maternal glucose. Furthermore, correction analysis demonstrated that GDM related lipids were also associated with indicators of infant physical development, including body weight, length, and head circumference. These findings may help to understand the protective effects of breastfeeding especially during GDM pregnancy.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）通常会导致不良妊娠结局以及子代出现长期代谢并发症。研究表明，母乳喂养可重塑因母体糖尿病导致的胎儿“代谢编程”，最终降低未来患代谢性疾病的风险。母乳中的脂质发挥着类似激素的作用，可促进婴儿生长发育，但迄今为止，关于母乳中脂质组成变化的研究甚少，尤其是在妊娠期糖尿病的背景下。在本研究中，我们进行了脂质组学分析，以比较患有或未患有妊娠期糖尿病的女性所分泌母乳中的脂质成分。我们进一步揭示了母乳中脂质失调与母体血糖及婴儿身体发育之间的相关性。共鉴定出15类833种脂质，其中60种被发现因高血糖而发生显著变化，这表明妊娠期糖尿病可导致母乳中脂质谱发生显著变化。我们的研究结果显示，脂质失调（如中性脂质、磷脂、鞘脂）与母体血糖之间存在显著关联。此外，校正分析表明，与妊娠期糖尿病相关的脂质也与婴儿身体发育指标相关，包括体重、身长和头围。这些发现可能有助于理解母乳喂养的保护作用，尤其是在妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期。
