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临床影像特征分析及超声诊断儿童先天性气道畸形的效能评估：基于单中心回顾性队列研究。

Clinical Image Feature Analysis and Diagnostic Efficacy Evaluation of Pulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations in Children: Based on a Single Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.

机构信息

Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Aug 18;2022:7490207. doi: 10.1155/2022/7490207. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.1155/2022/7490207
PMID:36035827
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9410946/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

A single center, retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical image features and diagnostic efficiency of pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) in children.

METHODS

The starting and ending time of this study is from May 2019 to December 2021. This study included 200 children with CPAM diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and postpartum CT imaging (aged from 1 hour to 3 years), including 103 males and 97 females. All of them were diagnosed by fetal ultrasound and were examined by chest X-ray (CXR), chest CT, and lung ultrasound (LUS). The clinical image characteristics and diagnostic efficiency of CXR, chest CT, and LUS in the diagnosis of CPAM in children were analyzed.

RESULTS

200 lesions were limited to single lung, and the most common were right lower lobe, right lower lobe in 80 cases (40.0%), left lower lobe in 60 cases (30.0%), right upper lobe in 30 cases (15.0%), left upper lobe in 20 cases (10.0%), and right middle lobe in 10 cases (5.0%). Among the 200 cases of preoperative CT examination, 196 cases (98.00%) showed lesions and confirmed diagnosis, and 4 cases were missed. Chest X-ray showed multiple focal circular low-density shadow in the right lung, and the heart shadow and mediastinum moved slightly to the left. CXR showed multiple cystic transparent shadows in the left lower lung and slightly to the right of the mediastinum and heart. CXR showed multiple balloon cavities of different sizes in the right lung field, and the mediastinum and heart shadow shifted to the left. The direct signs of LUS (including single or multiple cystic lesions) were not significantly different from those of CXR, but the indirect signs were significantly higher than those of CXR.

CONCLUSION

The most common CT findings of CPAM in children are cystic lesions, especially polycystic lesions, while LUS images of CPAM in children are various. LUS is a noninvasive and nonradiological examination method, which is easy to operate and repeat. LUS can be used for preliminary qualitative screening of CPAM in children, and the diagnostic value of indirect signs of LUS is better than that of CXR.

摘要

目的

本研究采用单中心回顾性队列研究，旨在分析肺超声在儿童先天性肺气道畸形（CPAM）诊断中的临床影像特征和诊断效能。

方法

本研究的起止时间为 2019 年 5 月至 2021 年 12 月。纳入 200 例产前超声及产后 CT 影像学诊断为 CPAM 的患儿，其中男 103 例，女 97 例，年龄 1 小时至 3 岁。所有患儿均经产前超声诊断，并进行胸部 X 线（CXR）、胸部 CT 和肺部超声（LUS）检查。分析 CXR、胸部 CT 和 LUS 对儿童 CPAM 的诊断价值。

结果

200 个病灶均局限于单侧肺，以右下肺最为常见，共 80 例（40.0%），左下肺 60 例（30.0%），右上肺 30 例（15.0%），左上肺 20 例（10.0%），右中肺 10 例（5.0%）。200 例患儿术前 CT 检查中，196 例（98.00%）均显示病灶并确诊，4 例漏诊。CXR 显示右肺多发性局灶性圆形低密度影，心脏阴影及纵隔轻度左移。CXR 显示左下肺多发性囊状透明影，略偏右及纵隔心影。CXR 显示右肺野多个大小不一的气球样腔，纵隔及心脏阴影左移。LUS 的直接征象（包括单发或多发囊性病变）与 CXR 无明显差异，但间接征象明显高于 CXR。

结论

儿童 CPAM 的 CT 最常见表现为囊性病变，尤其是多囊性病变，而儿童 CPAM 的 LUS 图像则多种多样。LUS 是一种无创、非放射性的检查方法，操作简便，可重复进行。LUS 可用于儿童 CPAM 的初步定性筛查，LUS 间接征象的诊断价值优于 CXR。

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