Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Correct Health Care. 2023 Feb;29(1):60-70. doi: 10.1089/jchc.21.10.0118. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
This study characterized arrest, incarceration, and risk factors for incident incarceration among transgender women (TW) in the northeastern and southern United States. During semiannual study visits over 24 months in a multicenter cohort study, TW completed HIV testing and self-administered surveys. In total, 1571 TW completed baseline survey; 1,312 HIV-negative TW enrolled in the cohort and contributed 2134.3 person-years to the analysis. At baseline, 37% had been arrested and 21% had been incarcerated. Incident incarceration was 23.4 per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.9-29.9). Sex work was significantly associated with baseline and incident incarceration ( < .01). A history of incarceration at enrollment was the strongest predictor of incident incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.99; 95% CI: 3.43-14.24). Living in the South (aOR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.22-5.93), income below the federal poverty level (aOR 2.65 95% CI: 3.43-14.24), and having a recent partner who had been incarcerated (aOR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.20-5.69) also increased the odds of incident incarceration in multivariable modeling. Structural interventions to reduce poverty and decriminalize sex work have the potential to reduce incarceration rates among TW.
本研究描述了美国东北部和南部跨性别女性（TW）被捕、监禁和入狱的风险因素。在一项多中心队列研究的 24 个月半年度研究访问期间，TW 完成了 HIV 检测和自我管理调查。共有 1571 名 TW 完成了基线调查；1312 名 HIV 阴性 TW 入组队列，为分析贡献了 2134.3 人年。基线时，37%的人被捕，21%的人入狱。监禁发生率为每 1000 人年 23.4 例（95%置信区间[CI]：16.9-29.9）。性工作与基线和监禁发生率显著相关（<0.01）。入组时的监禁史是监禁发生率的最强预测因素（调整后的优势比[aOR] 6.99；95%CI：3.43-14.24）。居住在南部（aOR 2.69，95%CI：1.22-5.93）、收入低于联邦贫困线（aOR 2.65，95%CI：3.43-14.24）和最近有被监禁伴侣（aOR 2.62，95%CI：1.20-5.69）也增加了多变量模型中监禁发生率的可能性。减少贫困和使性工作非刑罪化的结构性干预措施有可能降低 TW 的监禁率。
