Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, India.
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, India.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2022 Dec;75(6):1549-1558. doi: 10.1111/lam.13821. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance have become a major global public health concern. A component of this problem is the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Flies move freely between habitats of food-producing animals and human beings and thus have great potential for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from a contaminated environment to milk and meat markets, posing potential hazards for consumers. During the present study, a total of 150 houseflies were captured from milk and meat shops located in Durg and Raipur city of Chhattisgarh, India. The Escherichia coli were isolated from houseflies and characterized on the basis of cultural and molecular tests. Further, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against frequently used antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance genes and int1 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 45 E. coli isolates were obtained from the fly samples with an overall prevalence rate of 30·0%. Antibiogram results confirmed that E. coli isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Out of the (45) isolates of E. coli, 17 (37·8%) isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer and multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Out of the ESBL and MDR E. coli isolates, bla (24·4%), bla (11·1%), tetA (28·8%), tetB (26·7%), gyrA (26·7%), parC (31. 1%) and int1 genes (15·5%) were detected but none of the isolates were found positive for bla gene. Findings of the present study confirm that MDR E. coli are widely distributed in houseflies and play an important role in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from contaminated environments to milk and meat shop environment.
抗菌药物耐药性的出现和传播已成为全球主要的公共卫生关注点之一。造成这一问题的一个因素是抗生素耐药菌的传播。苍蝇在生产动物和人类的栖息地之间自由移动，因此具有将受污染环境中的抗微生物耐药菌传播到牛奶和肉类市场的巨大潜力，对消费者构成潜在危害。在本研究中，从印度恰蒂斯加尔邦的杜尔格和赖布尔市的牛奶和肉类店共捕获了 150 只家蝇。从家蝇中分离出大肠杆菌，并根据文化和分子测试对其进行了特征描述。进一步，使用纸片扩散法对分离株进行了针对常用抗生素的药敏试验。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测抗生素耐药基因和 int1 基因。从苍蝇样本中获得了总共 45 株大肠杆菌，总流行率为 30.0%。抗生素图谱结果证实大肠杆菌分离株对多种抗生素具有耐药性。在（45）株大肠杆菌分离株中，17（37.8%）株为超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）产生菌和多药耐药（MDR）菌。在 ESBL 和 MDR 大肠杆菌分离株中，检测到 bla（24.4%）、bla（11.1%）、tetA（28.8%）、tetB（26.7%）、gyrA（26.7%）、parC（31.1%）和 int1 基因（15.5%），但没有分离株检测到 bla 基因阳性。本研究的结果证实，MDR 大肠杆菌广泛分布于家蝇中，在将受污染环境中的抗生素耐药菌传播到牛奶和肉类店环境中发挥着重要作用。
