Department of Psychiatry, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NA, USA.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2022 Sep;27(3):263-275. doi: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2117297. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) continues to be one of the highest contributors to disease burden and years lived with disability in the world. Current existing treatments have been associated with intolerable side effects, long onset of action and suboptimal remission rates. Newer agents are being developed that will be reviewed here, such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the reinvigorated testing of psychedelic drugs. This review will summarize the target mechanisms of the newer ADTs currently in development and available on the market.
It briefly covers the existing agents for MDD and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and the need for new agents with higher efficacy. Therapeutic agents currently in Phase II or later clinical trials are listed and discussed, based on a thorough review of the US National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov index and a search of the Informa Pharmaprojects database. Compounds of interest are grouped into scientific rationale and include atypical antipsychotics, GABA positive allosteric modulators, glutamatergic agents, opioids, orexin 2 receptor antagonists, and psychedelics.
New therapeutic agents currently in development are promising, with a more rapid onset of action and the ability to augment and treat TRD.
重度抑郁症（MDD）仍然是全球疾病负担和残疾年数的最高贡献者之一。目前现有的治疗方法与无法忍受的副作用、起效慢和缓解率不理想有关。新的药物正在被开发中，将在这里进行综述，例如谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），以及重新测试迷幻药物。本文将总结目前正在开发和市场上可获得的新型抗抑郁药物的作用机制。
简要介绍了用于治疗 MDD 和治疗抵抗性抑郁症（TRD）的现有药物，以及需要具有更高疗效的新药物。根据对美国国立卫生研究院临床试验.gov 索引的全面审查和 Informa Pharmaprojects 数据库的搜索，列出并讨论了目前处于 II 期或更后期临床试验的治疗药物。感兴趣的化合物按科学原理分组，包括非典型抗精神病药、GABA 正变构调节剂、谷氨酸能药物、阿片类药物、食欲素 2 受体拮抗剂和迷幻剂。
目前正在开发的新型治疗药物很有前景，具有更快的起效时间，并能够增强和治疗 TRD。
