One-pot co-extraction of dispersive solid phase extraction employing iron-tannic nanoparticles assisted cloud point extraction for the determination of tetracyclines by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Iron-tannic nanoparticles were used as a new adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) synergized with cloud point extraction (CPE) to enrich four tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline) prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic determination. DSPE and CPE were performed simultaneously in a one-pot co-extraction to form iron-tannic nanoparticles in-situ and pre-concentrate the tetracyclines. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Using the optimal parameters, linear calibrations ranging from 2.63 to 1000 ng mL were obtained, with determination coefficients greater than 0.996. The limit of detection was found to be 1.06-3.19 ng mL, while the limit of quantification was 2.63-10.65 ng mL. Precision was expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. The residues of the four tetracyclines in milk, eggs, honey, chicken liver, and chicken kidney samples were determined by the proposed method. The recoveries ranged from 79.3 to 107.1%. The results indicated that the proposed method was an alternative method for the extraction and pre-concentration of tetracyclines with high extraction and enrichment efficiency. In addition, it promoted rapidity and environmental friendliness.