Bursa Uludağ University, Department of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey.
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2022 Oct;101(10):102054. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102054. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
This study aimed to investigate effects of eggshell temperature (EST) during early and late incubation on embryo and hatchling development of broiler chicks. A total of 720 eggs were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups: control EST (37.8°C during the first 14 d and 36.8°C between d 15 and 21 of incubation), early high EST (as control, but 38.9C between d 4 and 7), and late high EST treatment (37.8°C during the first 14 d and 38.2°C between d 15 and 21). At d 18 of incubation, the length of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus were found to be lower in the early high EST treatment than in both other treatment. Hatchability was higher in the early high and control EST treatment than in the late high EST treatment (Δ = 4.2% on average; P = 0.02), whereas the opposite was found for late term embryonic mortality (Δ = 4.0% on average; P = 0.02). Navel score was higher for the late high EST treatment than for the early high EST and control treatment (1.36 vs. 1.19 and 1.17, respectively; P < 0.001). At hatch, chick weight, and organ weights were lower in the late high EST treatment than in the control treatment, with the early high EST treatment in between. At hatch, most femur, tibia, and metatarsus characteristics were lower for the early high EST treatment compared to both other treatments. The same was found for tibia ash, Ca, and P concentrations. Blood ALP and P levels were higher in the control group than in both other treatment groups. It can be concluded that early high EST particularly affected bone development during incubation, whereas late high EST particularly resulted in a decline in hatchability and chick quality in broiler chicks.
本研究旨在探讨孵化早期和晚期蛋壳温度（EST）对肉鸡胚胎和雏鸡发育的影响。将 720 枚鸡蛋随机分配到 3 个处理组：对照组 EST（孵化第 14 天前为 37.8°C，第 15-21 天为 36.8°C）、早期高 EST（与对照组相同，但第 4-7 天为 38.9°C）和晚期高 EST 处理组（孵化第 14 天前为 37.8°C，第 15-21 天为 38.2°C）。孵化第 18 天，早期高 EST 处理组的股骨、胫骨和跖骨长度均低于其他两组。早期高 EST 和对照组 EST 的孵化率高于晚期高 EST 处理组（平均差异为 4.2%；P=0.02），而晚期胚胎死亡率则相反（平均差异为 4.0%；P=0.02）。晚期高 EST 处理组的脐评分高于早期高 EST 和对照组（分别为 1.36、1.19 和 1.17；P<0.001）。出雏时，晚期高 EST 处理组雏鸡体重和器官重量均低于对照组，早期高 EST 处理组介于两者之间。出雏时，早期高 EST 处理组的大多数股骨、胫骨和跖骨特征均低于其他两组。胫骨灰分、Ca 和 P 浓度也存在同样的情况。对照组的血液 ALP 和 P 水平高于其他两组。综上所述，早期高 EST 特别影响孵化期间的骨骼发育，而晚期高 EST 特别导致肉鸡孵化率和雏鸡质量下降。
