Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Analyst. 2022 Sep 26;147(19):4356-4364. doi: 10.1039/d2an00904h.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most lethal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Generally, exposure effects are studied through case-controlled studies, cohort studies, or cell assays. Unfortunately, most studies involving two-dimensional cell cultures require cell lysis or fixation. For studies, fluorescence microscopy has been useful, but methods to simultaneously discern phototoxic effects during an experiment are limited. Here, we use hepatocarcinoma (Hep G2) cells to examine the redox mechanism of PFOS cytotoxicity , while using hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to differentiate between PFOS and redox mediator induced stress. Specifically, we correlate an increase in the electrochemical response of ferrocenemethanol oxidation with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Corresponding hyperspectral images of redox indicative-fluorophores implicate superoxide in the cytotoxic redox mechanism.
全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是最致命的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)之一。通常,通过病例对照研究、队列研究或细胞分析来研究暴露效应。不幸的是,大多数涉及二维细胞培养的研究都需要细胞裂解或固定。对于活细胞研究,荧光显微镜很有用,但在实验过程中同时辨别光毒性效应的方法有限。在这里,我们使用肝癌(Hep G2)细胞来研究 PFOS 细胞毒性的氧化还原机制,同时使用超光谱辅助扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)来区分 PFOS 和氧化还原介质诱导的应激。具体来说,我们将二茂铁甲醇氧化的电化学响应增加与细胞内活性氧增加相关联。与氧化还原指示剂荧光团对应的高光谱图像表明超氧化物在细胞毒性氧化还原机制中起作用。