Corsolini Simonetta, Ademollo Nicoletta
Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli, 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
Institute of Polar Sciences of the Italian National Research Council, (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.7, 00010 Montelibretti, Roma.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2022 Oct 19;24(10):1631-1642. doi: 10.1039/d2em00273f.
Climate change is affecting Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and effects have been already reported for the abiotic compartments of the ecosystems, ice loss and iceberg calving. Global warming can alter also the distribution of persistent organic pollutant (POPs) both at a global scale and in the Antarctic Region, due to their physical-chemical characteristics. Effects of climate changes have been already reported on feeding behaviour and reproductive process of organisms. Another consequence for organisms includes the POP bioaccumulation. Here we review the literature reporting the linkage between recorded effects of climate changes and POP bioaccumulation in resident marine Antarctic species (fish and penguins). Notwithstanding Antarctica is a final sink for persistent contaminants due to the extreme cold climate, a general decreasing POP trend has been observed for some POPs. Their concentrations in biota are reported to be linked to ice melting and large iceberg calving; the peculiar marine Antarctic ecosystems and the pelagic-benthic coupling may also contribute to alterations in the bioaccumulation processes. These effects are similar in polar regions, although the comparison with the Arctic biota is not possible due to the lack of data in the Antarctic Region. It remains an open question if the POP amount accumulated in the Antarctic ecosystems is decreasing or not.
气候变化正在影响南极洲和南大洋，并且已经有关于生态系统非生物部分、冰流失和冰山崩解的相关报道。由于持久性有机污染物（POPs）的物理化学特性，全球变暖还会在全球范围内以及南极地区改变其分布。气候变化对生物的摄食行为和繁殖过程的影响已有报道。对生物的另一个影响是持久性有机污染物的生物累积。在此，我们综述了相关文献，这些文献报道了气候变化的记录效应与南极海洋常驻物种（鱼类和企鹅）中持久性有机污染物生物累积之间的联系。尽管由于极端寒冷的气候，南极洲是持久性污染物的最终汇，但已观察到某些持久性有机污染物总体呈下降趋势。据报道，它们在生物群中的浓度与冰融化和大型冰山崩解有关；南极独特的海洋生态系统以及远洋 - 底栖耦合也可能导致生物累积过程的改变。这些影响在极地地区是相似的，尽管由于南极地区缺乏数据，无法与北极生物群进行比较。南极生态系统中累积的持久性有机污染物数量是否正在减少仍是一个悬而未决的问题。
