Universidade de São Paulo. Centro de Pesquisa em Direito Sanitário. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2022 Sep 12;56:80. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004461. eCollection 2022.
Artificial intelligence develops rapidly and health is one of the areas where new technologies in this field are most promising. The use of artificial intelligence can modify the way health care and self-care are provided, besides influencing the organization of health systems. Therefore, the regulation of artificial intelligence in healthcare is an emerging and essential topic. Specific laws and regulations are being developed around the world. In Brazil, the starting point of this regulation is the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD - General Personal Data Protection Law), which recognizes the right to explanation and review of automated decisions. Discussing the scope of this right is needed, considering the necessary instrumentalization of transparency in the use of artificial intelligence for health and the currently existing limits, such as the black-box system inherent to algorithms and the trade-off between explainability and accuracy of automated systems.
人工智能发展迅速，健康是该领域新技术最有前途的领域之一。人工智能的使用不仅可以改变医疗保健和自我保健的提供方式，还可以影响卫生系统的组织。因此，人工智能在医疗保健中的监管是一个新兴且必不可少的话题。世界各地都在制定具体的法律法规。在巴西，这项监管的起点是 Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD - 一般个人数据保护法)，该法承认解释和审查自动化决策的权利。有必要讨论这一权利的范围，考虑到在健康领域使用人工智能需要实现透明度的工具化，以及当前存在的限制，例如算法固有的黑箱系统以及自动化系统的可解释性和准确性之间的权衡。
