Santonocito Debora, Puglia Carmelo
Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Curr Med Chem. 2023;30(6):725-743. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220829092323.
Nowadays, lungs are the most common organs affected by diseases due to climate change, tobacco smoking, pollution and genetic factors. Conventional pharmacotherapy (oral medication or injection) is poorly selective; this causes toxicity problems and numerous systemic side effects. Furthermore, although pulmonary administration is an interesting drug administration route for treating lung diseases, inhalation therapy is complex mainly due to the lung defense mechanisms leading to rapid drug elimination. Pulmonary drug delivery using nanocarriers appears to be the best therapeutic strategy to overcome these issues. In fact, these nanosystems can reduce both drug therapeutic dose and side effects, improving patient compliance, avoiding alveolar macrophage clearance, protecting the drug from degradation processes, and providing a controlled and targeted drug release. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the scientific literature regarding the use of nanocarriers to treat the main lung diseases (cancer, asthma, infections). In particular, attention was devoted to liposomes and polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles, being the topic of most published articles in the last decade.
如今，由于气候变化、吸烟、污染和遗传因素，肺部是受疾病影响最常见的器官。传统药物治疗（口服药物或注射）选择性较差；这会导致毒性问题和众多全身副作用。此外，尽管肺部给药是治疗肺部疾病的一种有趣的给药途径，但吸入疗法很复杂，主要是由于肺部防御机制导致药物快速消除。使用纳米载体进行肺部药物递送似乎是克服这些问题的最佳治疗策略。事实上，这些纳米系统可以降低药物治疗剂量和副作用，提高患者依从性，避免肺泡巨噬细胞清除，保护药物免受降解过程影响，并提供可控的靶向药物释放。因此，本综述旨在分析有关使用纳米载体治疗主要肺部疾病（癌症、哮喘、感染）的科学文献。特别是，对脂质体以及基于聚合物和脂质的纳米颗粒给予了关注，它们是过去十年中发表文章最多的主题。
