Shi Yu-Xiao, Li Yang, Meng Yi, Zhao Zhi-Yuan, Zhang Ting-Yu, Wang Dong, Yuan Lin
East China Normal University/State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research/Institute of Eco-Chongming/Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, Shanghai 200241, China.
Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai 202162, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Aug;33(8):2229-2236. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.022.
Affected by the changes of drainage basin and marine environment and human activities, estuarine wetland is fragile, sensitive, and complex in evolution. Jiuduansha Wetland is the largest estuarine shoal wetland in the Yangtze Estuary, and is undergoing rapid changes due to the reduction of sediment inputs and the invasion of alien species . In this study, the changes of Jiuduansha Wetland from 1989 to 2020 were analyzed through remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and topographic data analysis. The impacts of watershed sediment reduction and invasion on Jiuduansha Wetland were analyzed based on the hydrological data of Datong station and the invasion history of The results showed that the total area of Jiuduansha Wetland (above -5 m) first increased and then decreased since 1991, reaching its maximum in 2005 (421.16 km). The area of tidal flat wetland (above 0 m) and wetland vegetation increased continuously from 1989 to 2020, with 1.5 times and 47.1 times increases, respectively. The decreases of sediment supply led to a decrease in the total area of Jiuduansha Wetland (above -5 m) and a decrease growth rate of tidal flat wetland area above 0 m and vege-tation area. The invasive species had expanded rapidly, occupied the space of native species, and became the dominant species in Jiuduansha Wetland since it was introduced in 1997. Sediment reduction and invasion had led to the rapid changes of Jiuduansha Wetland structure. In order to avoid the degradation of ecological service, wetland protection and restoration should be taken to maintain the stability and health of Jiu-duansha Wetland.
受流域和海洋环境变化以及人类活动影响，河口湿地脆弱、敏感，演化过程复杂。九段沙湿地是长江口最大的河口沙洲湿地，由于泥沙输入减少和外来物种入侵，正经历快速变化。本研究通过遥感解译、实地调查和地形数据分析，分析了1989年至2020年九段沙湿地的变化情况。基于大通站水文数据和[外来物种名称]入侵历史，分析了流域泥沙减少和[外来物种名称]入侵对九段沙湿地的影响。结果表明，1991年以来，九段沙湿地（-5米以上）总面积先增加后减少，2005年达到最大值（421.16平方千米）。1989年至2020年，潮滩湿地（0米以上）和湿地植被面积持续增加，分别增加了1.5倍和47.1倍。泥沙供应减少导致九段沙湿地（-5米以上）总面积减少，0米以上潮滩湿地面积和植被面积增长速率下降。自1997年引入以来，外来入侵物种迅速扩张，占据了本地物种空间，成为九段沙湿地的优势物种。泥沙减少和外来物种入侵导致九段沙湿地结构快速变化。为避免生态服务功能退化，应采取湿地保护与修复措施，维持九段沙湿地的稳定性和健康状态。
