National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Nutr Res. 2022 Sep;105:138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.007. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer worldwide among women. "Prudent" dietary patterns have been consistently and negatively associated with the risk of BC. However, prospective studies have shown a positive association between "Western" dietary patterns and the risk of BC, but only among postmenopausal women. In this regard, evidence from Latin America is scarce. Our aim was to assess the hypothesis that 2 dietary patterns (Western or prudent) were contrastingly associated with BC in pre- and postmenopausal women from Northern Mexico. We recruited 1045 BC incident cases and 1030 age matched (±5 years) population controls. Sociodemographic, reproductive, and dietary characteristics were obtained by direct interviews. We used a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to obtain information about diet 1 year before diagnosis for cases and 1 year before the interview for controls. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis. A Western-like pattern, which was mainly determined by positive loads in red and processed meats and foods rich in fats and sugars, was positively associated with BC both in pre- (odds ratio [OR] =23.47; 95% CI, 14.01-36.96) and in postmenopausal women (OR = 18.85; 95% CI, 13.74-25.87). In contrast, a prudent-like pattern, which was characterized by positive loads of vegetables, legumes, and corn, was negatively associated with pre- (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26-0.49) and postmenopausal BC (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.19-0.32). Our results show the importance of dietary patterns in BC development regardless of menopausal status.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性中最常见的癌症。“谨慎”的饮食模式与 BC 的风险呈持续负相关。然而，前瞻性研究表明，“西方”饮食模式与 BC 的风险呈正相关，但仅在绝经后妇女中如此。在这方面，来自拉丁美洲的证据很少。我们的目的是评估这样一种假设，即 2 种饮食模式（西方或谨慎）与墨西哥北部绝经前和绝经后妇女的 BC 呈对比性相关。我们招募了 1045 例 BC 新发病例和 1030 名年龄匹配（±5 岁）的人群对照。通过直接访谈获得社会人口统计学、生殖和饮食特征。我们使用半定量食物频率问卷获取病例诊断前 1 年和对照者访谈前 1 年的饮食信息。通过因子分析确定饮食模式。一种类似于西方的模式，主要由红肉和加工肉以及富含脂肪和糖的食物的积极负荷决定，与绝经前（比值比 [OR] =23.47；95%置信区间，14.01-36.96）和绝经后妇女（OR =18.85；95%置信区间，13.74-25.87）的 BC 均呈正相关。相比之下，一种类似于谨慎的模式，其特征是蔬菜、豆类和玉米的积极负荷，与绝经前（OR =0.35；95%置信区间，0.26-0.49）和绝经后 BC（OR =0.25；95%置信区间，0.19-0.32）呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，无论绝经状态如何，饮食模式对 BC 的发展都很重要。
