3D modeling and reconstruction of plants and trees: A cross-cutting review across computer graphics, vision, and plant phenotyping.

This paper reviews the past and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and reconstruction of plants and trees. These topics have been studied in multiple research fields, including computer vision, graphics, plant phenotyping, and forestry. This paper, therefore, provides a cross-cutting review. Representations of plant shape and structure are first summarized, where every method for plant modeling and reconstruction is based on a shape/structure representation. The methods were then categorized into 1) creating non-existent plants () and 2) creating models from real-world plants (). This paper also discusses the limitations of current methods and possible future directions.