Talaat Iman M, Kim Byoungkwon
Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Pathology, H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 15;9:1002715. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1002715. eCollection 2022.
A tumor is a result of stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. This notion has deepened the understanding of cancer biology and has introduced the era of targeted therapies. On the other hand, there have been a series of attempts of using the immune system to treat tumors, dating back to ancient history, to sporadic reports of inflamed tumors undergoing spontaneous regression. This was succeeded by modern immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The recent breakthrough has broadened the sight to other players within tumor tissue. Tumor microenvironment is a niche or a system orchestrating reciprocal and dynamic interaction of various types of cells including tumor cells and non-cellular components. The output of this complex communication dictates the functions of the constituent elements present within it. More complicated factors are biochemical and biophysical settings unique to TME. This mini review provides a brief guide on a range of factors to consider in the TME research.
肿瘤是基因和表观遗传改变逐步积累的结果。这一概念加深了对癌症生物学的理解，并开启了靶向治疗的时代。另一方面，利用免疫系统治疗肿瘤的尝试由来已久，可追溯到古代，也有关于发炎肿瘤自发消退的零星报道。现代免疫疗法和免疫检查点抑制剂继承了这一成果。最近的突破拓宽了人们对肿瘤组织中其他因素的视野。肿瘤微环境是一个生态位或系统，协调包括肿瘤细胞和非细胞成分在内的各种细胞之间相互的动态相互作用。这种复杂通讯的结果决定了其中所含组成元素的功能。更复杂的因素是肿瘤微环境特有的生化和生物物理环境。本综述简要介绍了肿瘤微环境研究中需要考虑的一系列因素。
