Balducci Daniele, Quatraccioni Claudia, Benedetti Antonio, Marzioni Marco, Maroni Luca
Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti-University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2021;2(2):174-186. doi: 10.37349/etat.2021.00039. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibitors, programmed cell death 1 inhibitors and programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitors, have recently emerged as novel drugs in the anti-cancer therapy. Their use in different types of advanced cancer has shown good results and an increase in survival rates. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent and often require special care. IrAEs may affect all the organs, but they are most commonly seen in skin, lungs, endocrine glands and in the gastrointestinal tract where small bowel, colon, the liver and/or the pancreas can be involved. Despite being usually mild and self-resolving, irAEs may present in severe and life-threatening forms, causing the withdrawal of anti-cancer therapy. IrAEs, therefore, represent a challenging condition to manage that often requires the cooperation between the oncologists and the gastroenterologists in order to identify and treat them adequately.
免疫检查点抑制剂，如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4抑制剂、程序性细胞死亡蛋白1抑制剂和程序性细胞死亡配体1抑制剂，最近已成为抗癌治疗中的新型药物。它们在不同类型的晚期癌症中的应用已显示出良好的效果，并提高了生存率。然而，免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）很常见，通常需要特殊护理。IrAEs可能会影响所有器官，但最常见于皮肤、肺部、内分泌腺以及胃肠道，其中小肠、结肠、肝脏和/或胰腺可能会受到影响。尽管irAEs通常较轻且可自行缓解，但也可能以严重且危及生命的形式出现，导致抗癌治疗中断。因此，IrAEs是一种具有挑战性的病症，通常需要肿瘤学家和胃肠病学家合作，以便对其进行充分识别和治疗。
