Gupta Chainika, Salgotra Romesh K
School for Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Aug 15;13:925688. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925688. eCollection 2022.
Climate-resilient crops with improved adaptation to the changing climate are urgently needed to feed the growing population. Hence, developing high-yielding crop varieties with better agronomic traits is one of the most critical issues in agricultural research. These are vital to enhancing yield as well as resistance to harsh conditions, both of which help farmers over time. The majority of agronomic traits are quantitative and are subject to intricate genetic control, thereby obstructing crop improvement. Plant epibreeding is the utilisation of epigenetic variation for crop development, and has a wide range of applications in the field of crop improvement. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are heritable and induced by methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones or RNA interference rather than an alteration in the underlying sequence of DNA. The epigenetic modifications influence gene expression by changing the state of chromatin, which underpins plant growth and dictates phenotypic responsiveness for extrinsic and intrinsic inputs. Epigenetic modifications, in addition to DNA sequence variation, improve breeding by giving useful markers. Also, it takes epigenome diversity into account to predict plant performance and increase crop production. In this review, emphasis has been given for summarising the role of epigenetic changes in epibreeding for crop improvement.
为了养活不断增长的人口，迫切需要培育出适应气候变化能力更强的作物。因此，培育具有更好农艺性状的高产作物品种是农业研究中最关键的问题之一。这对于提高产量以及增强对恶劣条件的抗性至关重要，从长远来看对农民都有帮助。大多数农艺性状是数量性状，受复杂的遗传控制，从而阻碍了作物改良。植物表观育种是利用表观遗传变异进行作物培育，在作物改良领域有广泛应用。表观遗传学是指由DNA甲基化、组蛋白的翻译后修饰或RNA干扰引起的可遗传的基因表达变化，而非DNA基础序列的改变。表观遗传修饰通过改变染色质状态影响基因表达，染色质状态支撑着植物生长并决定植物对外界和内在输入的表型响应。除了DNA序列变异外，表观遗传修饰通过提供有用的标记来改进育种。此外，它还考虑表观基因组多样性来预测植物表现并提高作物产量。在本综述中，重点总结了表观遗传变化在表观育种中对作物改良的作用。
