Synthesis, bioactivity, and molecular docking of novel arylpiperazine derivatives as potential AR antagonists.

Prostate cancer is one of the malignant tumors and the second most common malignant tumor in men. Clinically used androgen receptor (AR)-targeted drugs can antagonize androgen and inhibit tumor growth, but these drugs can cause serious resistance problems. To develop novel AR antagonists, 22 kinds of arylpiperazine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the derivatives , , , , , , , and not only showed strong antagonistic potency (>55% inhibition) and binding affinities (IC <3 μM) to AR, but also showed stronger inhibitory activity to LNCaP cells PC-3 cells. Among them, derivative exhibited the highest binding affinity for AR (IC = 0.65 μM) and the highest antagonistic potency (76.2% inhibition). Docking studies suggested that the derivative is primarily bound to the AR-LBP site by the hydrophobic interactions. Overall, those results provided experimental methods for developing novel arylpiperazine derivatives as potent AR antagonists.