Smith Stephanie M, Krajbich Ian
Anderson School of Management.
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2023 Feb;152(2):528-541. doi: 10.1037/xge0001288. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Being able to learn another person's preferences and choose on their behalf are important skills. However, people often do not choose what the other would choose for themselves. Over two incentive-compatible studies, we identify how and why people choose differently for others than the others would choose for themselves. Participants observed choices made by another person and then (a) predicted what this person would choose or (b) chose for them in new decisions, while we tracked their mouse movements. Participants learned noisy human preferences as easily as they learned noiseless algorithms. Moreover, participants' predictions of what others would choose were in line with the others' actual choices roughly 80% of the time, regardless of whether they were paid for predicting consistently with the others' actual choices. Thus, neither difficulty in learning noisy preferences nor motivation appear to be major factors in how people choose for others. However, participants were much less consistent with their recipients' preferences when choosing for them. Surrogates incorporated their own preferences and tried to maximize expected value. Mouse-tracking results imply that the recipient's preferences affect the surrogate's decision later in the choice process when choosing (vs. predicting). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
能够了解他人的偏好并代表他们做出选择是重要的技能。然而，人们常常不会选择他人为自己所选择的东西。在两项激励兼容的研究中，我们确定了人们为他人做出的选择与他人为自己做出的选择为何以及如何不同。参与者观察了另一个人的选择，然后（a）预测这个人会选择什么，或者（b）在新的决策中为他们做出选择，同时我们追踪他们的鼠标移动。参与者学习有噪声的人类偏好与学习无噪声的算法一样容易。此外，参与者对他人会选择什么的预测大约80% 的情况下与他人的实际选择一致，无论他们是否因与他人的实际选择一致而获得报酬。因此，学习有噪声的偏好的难度和动机似乎都不是人们为他人做出选择的主要因素。然而，参与者在为他人做出选择时与接受者的偏好一致性要低得多。替代者纳入了自己的偏好并试图使预期价值最大化。鼠标追踪结果表明，在做出选择（与预测相比）时，接受者的偏好会在选择过程的后期影响替代者的决策。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
