Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center.
Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute.
Dev Psychol. 2022 Dec;58(12):2388-2400. doi: 10.1037/dev0001443. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Guided by the life course perspective, this study investigated the developmental antecedents of contact, closeness/warmth, and negativity in young adults' relationships with their parents. Taking the developmental systems approach, we considered interindividual differences in not only initial levels of parenting quality in early adolescence (Grade 6) but also developmental changes in parenting quality across adolescence (Grades 6-12) as predictors of young adult-parent relationship quality. Data were from a large sample of young adults ( = 1,631; = 22.84; 57% female; 90% White; 25% received free/reduced-price school lunch in Grade 6) followed from the fall of Grades 6 to 12 at eight time points, plus a young adult assessment. Using multivariate latent growth curve modeling, we identified a nuanced pattern of predictors of the three relationship dimensions. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in parental involvement across adolescence predicted more young adult contact with mothers and fathers. Higher initial levels of parental warmth and parental involvement, as well as lower rates of decline in parental warmth, predicted greater closeness/warmth with mothers and fathers in young adulthood. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in effective discipline predicted less young adult negativity toward mothers and fathers. These results held even when accounting for important adolescent and young adult covariates (adolescent sex and race, adolescent family income and structure, adolescent aggressive behavior tendencies, young adult living arrangement). The study offers new insights into how parenting practices in adolescence contribute to parent-child relationship in young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究以生命历程视角为指导，探讨了年轻人与父母关系中接触、亲密/温暖和消极的发展前因。采用发展系统方法，我们不仅考虑了青少年早期（6 年级）父母教养质量的初始水平的个体差异，还考虑了整个青春期（6-12 年级）父母教养质量的发展变化，将其作为预测年轻人与父母关系质量的因素。数据来自一个较大的年轻人样本（n = 1631；平均年龄为 22.84 岁；57%为女性；90%为白人；25%的人在 6 年级时享受免费/减价校餐），从 6 年级秋季开始，一直跟踪到 12 年级，共进行了 8 次评估，加上一次年轻人评估。采用多元潜增长曲线建模，我们确定了三个关系维度的预测因素的微妙模式。整个青春期父母参与度的初始水平较高且下降速度较慢，预测了年轻人与母亲和父亲的接触更多。父母温暖和父母参与的初始水平较高，以及父母温暖的下降速度较慢，预测了年轻人与母亲和父亲在成年早期的亲密/温暖程度更高。有效的纪律约束的初始水平较高且下降速度较慢，预测了年轻人对母亲和父亲的消极程度较低。即使考虑到青少年和年轻人的重要协变量（青少年性别和种族、青少年家庭收入和结构、青少年攻击行为倾向、年轻人的生活安排），这些结果仍然成立。该研究为青春期的父母教养实践如何对成年早期的亲子关系做出贡献提供了新的见解。
