School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Sep 20;56(18):12811-12827. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04736. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in many important environmental applications, including water softening, surface/groundwater purification, wastewater treatment, and water reuse. In recent years, a new class of piperazine (PIP)-based NF membranes featuring a crumpled polyamide layer has received considerable attention because of their great potential for achieving dramatic improvements in membrane separation performance. Since the report of novel crumpled Turing structures that exhibited an order of magnitude enhancement in water permeance ( 2018, 360 (6388), 518-521), the number of published research papers on this emerging topic has grown exponentially to approximately 200. In this critical review, we provide a systematic framework to classify the crumpled NF morphologies. The fundamental mechanisms and fabrication methods involved in the formation of these crumpled morphologies are summarized. We then discuss the transport of water and solutes in crumpled NF membranes and how these transport phenomena could simultaneously improve membrane water permeance, selectivity, and antifouling performance. The environmental applications of these emerging NF membranes are highlighted, and future research opportunities/needs are identified. The fundamental insights in this review provide critical guidance on the further development of high-performance NF membranes tailored for a wide range of environmental applications.
纳滤（NF）膜已广泛应用于许多重要的环境应用中，包括水软化、地表水/地下水净化、废水处理和水再利用。近年来，一类新型的基于哌嗪（PIP）的 NF 膜因其在膜分离性能方面具有显著提高的巨大潜力而受到广泛关注，这种膜具有褶皱聚酰胺层。自报道具有水渗透性提高一个数量级的新型褶皱图灵结构以来（2018 年，360（6388），518-521），关于这一新兴主题的已发表研究论文数量呈指数级增长，约为 200 篇。在这篇评论中，我们提供了一个系统的框架来对褶皱 NF 形态进行分类。总结了形成这些褶皱形态的基本机制和制造方法。然后，我们讨论了水和溶质在褶皱 NF 膜中的传输，以及这些传输现象如何同时提高膜的水渗透性、选择性和抗污染性能。突出了这些新兴 NF 膜在环境中的应用，并确定了未来的研究机会/需求。这篇综述中的基本见解为进一步开发针对广泛环境应用的高性能 NF 膜提供了关键指导。
