Department of Civil Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of American Culture and Literature, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Endeavour. 2022 Sep;46(3):100832. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100832. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Today, reinforced concrete (RC) is the most commonly used construction material in Turkey. It first emerged in Europe in the 1850s and was adopted in a number of Late Ottoman period structures, mostly in İstanbul, during the first two decades of the twentieth century. During the Early Turkish Republic (1923-1938), RC appeared in public-use buildings in Ankara, such as the Ethnographic Museum, which was the first in the new capital to feature RC elements, leading the way for many more structures to come. Despite the fact that Turkish and foreign civil engineers faced a series of economic, social, cultural, political, educational and technical challenges during the transition from masonry and timber construction to RC, its adoption was facilitated by the fact that as a European building technology, it became symbolically important to the new republic. Equated with modernity, RC would allow its capital, Ankara, to construct an identity that would contrast with İstanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. This transition would also be catalyzed by the rise of a professional class of Turkish civil engineers who deployed RC to reinforce their authority as trained specialists and agents of modernization.
如今，钢筋混凝土（RC）是土耳其最常用的建筑材料。它于 19 世纪 50 年代首次出现在欧洲，并在 20 世纪头二十年的奥斯曼帝国晚期建筑中被采用，主要集中在伊斯坦布尔。在早期的土耳其共和国（1923-1938 年）期间，RC 出现在安卡拉的公共建筑中，如民族志博物馆，它是新首都中第一个采用 RC 元素的建筑，为更多的建筑铺平了道路。尽管在从砖石和木材建筑向 RC 过渡的过程中，土耳其和外国土木工程师面临着一系列经济、社会、文化、政治、教育和技术挑战，但由于 RC 作为一种欧洲建筑技术，它对新共和国具有象征意义，因此其采用得到了促进。RC 被等同于现代化，将使安卡拉这座新首都与奥斯曼帝国的首都伊斯坦布尔形成鲜明对比。这种转变也将受到土耳其土木工程师这一专业阶层的兴起的推动，他们利用 RC 来增强自己作为受过训练的专家和现代化推动者的权威。
