Canonica Tara, Zalachoras Ioannis
Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Aug 16;16:940672. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.940672. eCollection 2022.
Motivated behavior is integral to the survival of individuals, continuously directing actions toward rewards or away from punishments. The orchestration of motivated behavior depends on interactions among different brain circuits, primarily within the dopaminergic system, that subserve the analysis of factors such as the effort necessary for obtaining the reward and the desirability of the reward. Impairments in motivated behavior accompany a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, decreasing the patients' quality of life. Despite its importance, motivation is often overlooked as a parameter in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we review motivational impairments in rodent models of schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson's disease, focusing on studies investigating effort-related behavior in operant conditioning tasks and on pharmacological interventions targeting the dopaminergic system. Similar motivational disturbances accompany these conditions, suggesting that treatments aimed at ameliorating motivation levels may be beneficial for various neuropsychiatric disorders.
动机行为是个体生存不可或缺的一部分，它持续引导行为趋向奖励或远离惩罚。动机行为的协调依赖于不同脑回路之间的相互作用，主要是在多巴胺能系统内，这些脑回路负责分析诸如获得奖励所需的努力以及奖励的可取性等因素。动机行为受损伴随着多种神经精神疾病，会降低患者的生活质量。尽管动机很重要，但在神经精神疾病中，它常常被忽视作为一个参数。在这里，我们回顾了精神分裂症、抑郁症和帕金森病啮齿动物模型中的动机障碍，重点关注在操作性条件反射任务中研究与努力相关行为的研究以及针对多巴胺能系统的药物干预。这些病症都伴随着类似的动机障碍，这表明旨在改善动机水平的治疗可能对各种神经精神疾病有益。
