1Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris; and.
2Université de Paris, IMABRAIN, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, France.
Neurosurg Focus. 2022 Sep;53(3):E6. doi: 10.3171/2022.6.FOCUS22241.
Following France's entry into World War I on August 3, 1914, Thierry de Martel (1875-1940), the French neurosurgery pioneer, served on the front line and was wounded on October 3, 1914. He was then assigned as a surgeon in temporary hospitals in Paris, where he published his first observations of cranioencephalic war wounds. In 1915, de Martel met Harvey Cushing at the American Hospital in Neuilly, where de Martel was appointed chief surgeon in 1916. In 1917, he published with the French neurologist Charles Chatelin a book (Blessures du crâne et du cerveau. Clinique et traitement) with the aim to optimize the practice of wartime brain surgery. This book, which included the results of more than 5000 soldiers with head injuries, was considered the most important ever written on war neurology at that time and was translated into English in 1918 (Wounds of the Skull and Brain; Their Clinical Forms and Medical and Surgical Treatment). In this book, de Martel detailed the fundamentals of skull injuries, classified the various craniocerebral lesions, recommended exploratory craniectomy for cranioencephalic injuries, recommended the removal of metal projectiles from the brain using a magnetic nail, and advocated for the prevention of infectious complications. Between the World Wars, de Martel undertook several developments for neurosurgery in France alongside neurologists Joseph Babinski and Clovis Vincent. Following France's entry into World War II on September 3, 1939, de Martel took over as head of the services of the American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly. He updated his work on war surgery with the new cases he personally treated. Together with Vincent, de Martel presented his new approach in "Le traitement des blessures du crâne pendant les opérations militaires" ("The treatment of skull injuries during military operations") on January 30, 1940, and published his own surgical results in April 1940 in "Plan d'un travail sur le traitement des plaies cranio-cérébrales de guerre" ("Work Plan on the Treatment of Cranio-Cerebral Wounds of War"), intended for battlefield surgeons. On June 14, 1940, the day German troops entered Paris, de Martel injected himself with a lethal dose of phenobarbital. Thierry de Martel played a central role in establishing modern neurosurgery in France. His patriotism led him to improve the management of wartime cranioencephalic injuries using his own experience acquired during World Wars I and II.
1914 年 8 月 3 日，法国参战后，法国神经外科先驱蒂埃里·德马特尔（1875-1940 年）于 1914 年 10 月 3 日在前线受伤，随后被派往巴黎的临时医院担任外科医生，他在那里发表了他对颅脑战伤的首次观察结果。1915 年，德马特尔在讷伊的美国医院与哈维·库欣相遇，1916 年，他被任命为该医院的首席外科医生。1917 年，他与法国神经学家查尔斯·沙泰勒合著了一本（颅骨和脑损伤。临床与治疗）的书，旨在优化战时脑外科手术的实践。这本书包括了 5000 多名头部受伤士兵的结果，被认为是当时关于战争神经学最重要的著作，并于 1918 年被翻译成英文（颅骨和脑损伤；其临床形式和医学及外科治疗）。在这本书中，德马特尔详细描述了颅骨损伤的基础，对各种颅脑损伤进行了分类，建议对颅脑损伤进行探索性开颅术，建议使用磁性钉从大脑中取出金属弹片，并提倡预防感染并发症。两次世界大战之间，德马特尔与神经学家约瑟夫·巴斯金和克洛维斯·文森特一起在法国开展了几项神经外科手术。1939 年 9 月 3 日，法国参战后，德马特尔接任讷伊美国医院巴黎服务的负责人。他根据自己亲自治疗的新病例更新了他的战伤外科手术。1940 年 1 月 30 日，德马特尔与文森特一起在“Le traitement des blessures du crâne pendant les opérations militaires”（“军事行动中颅骨损伤的治疗”）中介绍了他的新方法，并于 1940 年 4 月在“Plan d'un travail sur le traitement des plaies cranio-cérébrales de guerre”（“颅脑战伤治疗工作计划”）中发表了他自己的手术结果，供战场外科医生使用。1940 年 6 月 14 日，德军进入巴黎的那一天，德马特尔给自己注射了致命剂量的苯巴比妥。蒂埃里·德马特尔在建立法国现代神经外科方面发挥了核心作用。他的爱国主义使他能够利用自己在两次世界大战中获得的经验，改善对颅脑战伤的管理。
