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Med Probl Perform Art. 2022 Sep;37(3):176-191. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2022.3025.
Recently, Wolf et al. proposed a novel, marker-based method to analyze the three-dimensional upper-body kinematics of high string players for clinical application. The method provides an objective evaluation of high string players' motor strategies, especially in the shoulder complex, by distinguishing between the scapulothoracic (ST) and glenohumeral (GH) joints, while minimizing skin movement artifacts, marker occlusions, and limitations due to instrument placement. Nevertheless, reproducibility of kinematic measurements is crucial for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to assess the method's reproducibility in terms of reliability and repeatability.
One healthy professional violinist underwent a total of nine bowing trials in three different laboratory sessions. Each trial was conducted by one of two different examiners. A biomechanical model was applied to motion capture data of the pelvis, thorax, spine, and head, as well as both upper limbs (consisting of the scapula, upper arm, forearm and hand). Reproducibility was assessed by calculating inter- and intra-tester, inter-session, and intra-subject measurement errors for each rotational degree of freedom in the upper-body segments and joints.
Small measurement errors were accepted to be good indicators for reproducibility. Intra- and inter-tester errors were found to be small (< 3° for the most part). Both inter-session and intra-subject repeatability were found to be larger (< 5° for the most part).
This study generally showed the novel, marker-based method to have good reproducibility for a healthy violinist. This indicates that the proposed method is a reliable tool for quantifying upper-body movements during violin playing across subjects, examiners, laboratories, and motion capture systems.
最近，Wolf 等人提出了一种新颖的、基于标志物的方法，用于分析高弦乐演奏者的三维上半身运动学，以便于临床应用。该方法通过区分肩胛胸（ST）和盂肱（GH）关节，提供了对高弦乐演奏者运动策略的客观评估，特别是在肩复合体中，同时最大限度地减少皮肤运动伪影、标志物遮挡和由于仪器放置引起的限制。然而，运动学测量的可重复性对于临床应用至关重要。本研究旨在评估该方法在可靠性和可重复性方面的可重复性。
一名健康的职业小提琴手在三个不同的实验室会议中总共进行了九次弓法试验。每个试验由两名不同的检查者之一进行。生物力学模型应用于骨盆、胸部、脊柱和头部以及两个上肢（包括肩胛骨、上臂、前臂和手）的运动捕捉数据。通过计算每个上半身关节和自由度的每个旋转的测试者间和测试者内、测试间和个体内的测量误差，评估了可重复性。
接受小的测量误差作为可重复性的良好指标。发现测试者内和测试者间误差较小（大多数情况下<3°）。测试间和个体内的可重复性都较大（大多数情况下<5°）。
本研究总体上表明，对于健康的小提琴手，这种新的、基于标志物的方法具有良好的可重复性。这表明，所提出的方法是一种可靠的工具，可用于跨受试者、检查者、实验室和运动捕捉系统量化小提琴演奏过程中的上半身运动。
