Do inflammatory markers such as NLRP3 and IL1-β have an effect on the prediction of testicular sperm extraction success in infertile men?

Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to have a baby without contraception after at least 1 year of regular sexual intercourse. Mechanisms to explain inflammation in male infertility of unknown causes are still being investigated. The inflammasome is a key regulator of innate immunity, which is involved in the inflammatory response to infections and various diseases through the activation of caspase-1 and the use of inflammatory cytokines. Although many factors are believed to affect the success of mTESE in infertile patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), the inflammation mechanisms in the environment have not been clearly explained in the aetiology of infertility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NLRP3 and similar inflammasome mechanisms on antioxidant mechanisms on the success of mTESE. A total of 24 NOA patients with micro-testicular sperm extraction (mTESE +) and no sperm found (mTESE -) participated in the study between January 2020 and January 2021. NLRP3, IL1-β, TAS, TOS and OSI amounts in serum and seminal plasma parameters were compared statistically, and their effects on mTESE success were investigated. FSH, LH, estradiol and testosterone values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in the group with mTESE (-) and mTESE (+). Serum IL-1 Beta, NLRP3, TOS, TAS, and OSI values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in the group with mTESE (-) and mTESE (+). Seminal plasma TOS and OSI values were significantly lower in the group with mTESE (+) than the group with mTESE (-). Although inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and IL1-β do not have a significant predictive value in the success of mTESE, we think the high seminal plasma values of infertile patients may be understandable with further studies. This study was conducted to determine how inflammasomes are involved in IL-1β, pathway NLRP3, and sperm retrieval in micro testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) in infertile men.