State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 15;322:115989. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115989. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Flupyradifurone (FLU) has great application potential in agricultural production as a new generation of neonicotinoid insecticide after imidacloprid. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of FLU on non-target soil organisms remain unclear, resulting in considerable environmental risks. We evaluated the acute and subchronic toxicities of FLU to earthworms. The results of acute toxicity show that the median lethal concentration (LC) values (14 d) of FLU were 186.9773 mg kg for adult earthworms and 157.6502 mg kg for juveniles, respectively. The subchronic toxicity of FLU that focused on the activities of antioxidant and detoxication enzymes showed the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in earthworms increased while the peroxidase (POD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities decreased after exposure to FLU. Oxidative damage analyses revealed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in earthworms were increased by FLU, resulting in DNA damage. Transcriptomics and RT-qPCR confirmed that FLU influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidant response and detoxification of earthworms. Ultimately detoxification metabolism, environmental information processing, cell processes, and immune system pathways are significantly enriched to respond jointly to FLU. Our study fills the gaps in the toxicity of FLU to earthworms, providing a basis for its risk assessment of soil ecosystems and non-target biological toxicity.
氟吡呋喃酮（FLU）是继吡虫啉之后新一代新烟碱类杀虫剂，在农业生产中具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，FLU 对非靶标土壤生物的毒性作用尚不清楚，这导致其存在相当大的环境风险。我们评估了 FLU 对蚯蚓的急性和亚慢性毒性。急性毒性试验结果表明，FLU 对成年蚯蚓和幼蚓的 14 天半数致死浓度（LC）值分别为 186.9773 和 157.6502mg/kg。亚慢性毒性试验主要关注抗氧化和解毒酶的活性，结果表明暴露于 FLU 后，蚯蚓中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）的活性增加，而过氧化物酶（POD）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性降低。氧化损伤分析表明，FLU 增加了蚯蚓体内活性氧（ROS）水平和丙二醛（MDA）含量，导致 DNA 损伤。转录组学和 RT-qPCR 证实 FLU 影响了蚯蚓抗氧化反应和解毒相关基因的表达。最终解毒代谢、环境信息处理、细胞过程和免疫系统途径显著富集，共同应对 FLU。本研究填补了 FLU 对蚯蚓毒性的空白，为其对土壤生态系统和非靶标生物毒性的风险评估提供了依据。
