ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India.
Birsa Agriculture University, Kanke, Ranchi, 834006, Jharkhand, India.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Oct 15;320:115843. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115843. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Lignocellulosic crop residues (LCCRs) hold a significant share of the terrestrial biomass, estimated at 5 billion Mg per annum globally. A massive amount of these LCCRs are burnt in many countries resulting in immense environmental pollution; hence, its proper disposal in a cost-effective and eco-friendly manner is a significant challenge. Among the different options for management of LCCRs, the use of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms (LCDMOs), like fungi and bacteria, has emerged as an eco-friendly and effective way for its on-site disposal. LCDMOs achieve degradation through various mechanisms, including multiple supportive enzymes, causing oxidative attacks by which recalcitrance of lignocellulose material is reduced, paving the way to further activity by depolymerizing enzymes. This improves the physical properties of soil, recycles plant nutrients, promotes plant growth and thus helps improve productivity. Rapid and proper microbial degradation may be achieved through the correct combination of the LCDMOs, supplementing nutrients and controlling different factors affecting microbial activity in the field. The review is a critical discussion of previous studies revealing the potential of individuals or a set of LCDMOs, factors controlling the rate of degradation and the key researchable areas for better understanding of the role of these decomposers for future use.
木质纤维素农作物残余物（LCCRs）在全球范围内每年约有 50 亿吨，占据了陆地生物量的很大一部分。在许多国家，大量的这些 LCCRs 被燃烧，导致了巨大的环境污染；因此，以经济高效和环保的方式妥善处理这些残余物是一个重大挑战。在管理 LCCRs 的不同选择中，利用木质纤维素降解微生物（LCDMOs），如真菌和细菌，已经成为一种环保且有效的现场处理方法。LCDMOs 通过多种机制实现降解，包括多种辅助酶，通过氧化攻击降低木质纤维素材料的抗降解性，为进一步的解聚酶活性铺平道路。这改善了土壤的物理性质，回收植物养分，促进植物生长，从而有助于提高生产力。通过正确组合 LCDMOs、补充养分以及控制影响微生物在田间活动的各种因素，可以实现快速和适当的微生物降解。本综述是对先前研究的批判性讨论，揭示了个体或一组 LCDMOs、控制降解速率的因素以及未来更好地理解这些分解者作用的关键研究领域的潜力，以便未来加以利用。
