Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2022 Dec;236(4):e13884. doi: 10.1111/apha.13884. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR).
Following in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m , and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m , and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross-over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, -5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion.
The IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate-stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat-rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels.
The metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D-diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
关于饮食中碳水化合物和脂肪对体重增加的影响，目前尚无定论。我们利用胰岛素：胰高血糖素比值（IGR）研究了这些营养素对整体代谢状态的急性影响。
在体外进行葡萄糖和棕榈酸处理后，测量从小鼠胰岛中分离出的胰岛素和胰高血糖素的分泌情况。我们的人体体内研究包括 21 名血糖正常（平均年龄 51.9±16.5 岁，BMI 23.9±3.5kg/m2，HbA1c 36.9±3.3mmol/mol）和 20 名 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者（病程 12±7 年，平均年龄 63.6±4.5 岁，BMI 29.1±2.4kg/m2，HbA1c 52.3±9.5mmol/mol）。个体以交叉设计的方式摄入富含碳水化合物或富含脂肪的膳食（600kcal）。在-30、-5 和 0 分钟以及餐后 240 分钟内的每 30 分钟测量血浆胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平。
从小鼠胰岛中测量的 IGR 仅由葡萄糖水平决定。分析中的胰岛中，棕榈酸刺激的激素分泌在很大程度上与葡萄糖无关。急性餐后耐受试验表明，胰岛素和胰高血糖素的分泌取决于血糖状态和膳食组成，而 IGR 则取决于膳食组成。高脂肪膳食引起的 IGR 相对降低在肥胖个体中更为明显。这种效应在 HbA1c 水平升高的 T2D 个体中减弱。
血糖正常个体和 T2D 诊断个体的代谢状态受葡萄糖调节。我们证明，摄入低碳水化合物饮食，引起分解代谢状态，可能有益于减肥，特别是在肥胖个体中。
