Antropologické oddělení, Přírodovědecké muzeum, Národní muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic.
Katedra antropologie a genetiky člověka, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Morphol. 2022 Oct;283(10):1318-1336. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21505. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Diploic veins (DV) run within the cranial diploe, where they leave channels that can be studied in osteological samples. This study investigates overall DV variability in human adults and the effects of sex, age, cranial dimensions, and dysmorphogenesis associated with craniosynostosis (CS). The morphology of macroscopic diploic channels was analyzed in a set of the qualitative and quantitative variables in computed tomography-images of crania of anatomically normal and craniosynostotic adult individuals. Macroscopic diploic channels occur most frequently in the frontal and parietal bones, often with a bilaterally symmetrical pattern. DV-features (especially DV-pattern) are characterized by high individual diversity. On average, there are 5.4 ± 3.5 large macroscopic channels (with diameters >1 mm) per individual, with a mean diameter of 1.7 ± 0.4 mm. Age and sex have minor effects on DV, and cranial proportions significantly influence DV only in CS skulls. CS is associated with changes in the DV numbers, distributions, and diameters. Craniosynostotic skulls, especially brachycephalic skulls, generally present smaller DV diameters, and dolichocephalic skulls display increased number of frontal DV. CS, associated with altered cranial dimensions, suture imbalance, increased intracranial pressure, and with changes of the endocranial craniovascular system, significantly also affects the macroscopic morphology of DV in adults, in terms of both structural (topological redistribution) and functional factors. The research on craniovascular morphology and CS may be of interest in biological anthropology, paleopathology, medicine (e.g., surgical planning), but also in zoology and paleontology.
硬脑膜静脉（DV）在颅骨板障内运行，在那里它们留下可以在骨骼样本中研究的通道。本研究调查了人类成年人中 DV 的总体变异性，以及性别、年龄、颅骨尺寸和与颅缝早闭（CS）相关的发育畸形的影响。通过对解剖正常和 CS 成人颅骨的 CT 图像进行定性和定量变量的分析，研究了宏观硬脑膜通道的形态。宏观硬脑膜通道最常发生在前额骨和顶骨中，通常呈双侧对称模式。DV 特征（尤其是 DV 模式）具有高度的个体多样性。平均而言，每个个体有 5.4±3.5 个大的宏观通道（直径大于 1mm），平均直径为 1.7±0.4mm。年龄和性别对 DV 的影响较小，只有 CS 颅骨的颅骨比例对 DV 有显著影响。CS 与 DV 数量、分布和直径的变化有关。CS 颅骨，尤其是短头型颅骨，通常具有较小的 DV 直径，而长头型颅骨则显示出更多的额部 DV。CS 与颅骨尺寸改变、骨缝不平衡、颅内压升高以及颅内容脑血管系统变化有关，也显著影响成年人的 DV 宏观形态，包括结构（拓扑再分配）和功能因素。颅血管形态和 CS 的研究可能在生物人类学、古病理学、医学（例如，手术计划），以及动物学和古生物学中具有重要意义。
