Involvement of in malignancies except for colorectal cancer: A literature review.

() is originally an oral opportunistic pathogen and accumulating evidence links the presence of with the pathogenicity, development, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only limited preliminary data is available dealing with the role of in other malignancies except for CRC. The present review aims to update and systematize the latest information about the mechanisms of -mediating carcinogenesis, together with the detection rates, clinicopathological, and molecular features in -associated malignancies. Comparing with adjacent non-tumorous tissue, previous studies have shown an overabundance of intratumoural . Although the prognostic role of is still controversial, a higher prevalence of was usually associated with a more advanced tumor stage and a worse overall survival. Preliminary evidence have shown that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and relevant inflammation and immune response aroused by may be the probable link between infection and the initiation of oral/head and neck cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the etiologic role of the specific microbiota and the connection between the extent of periodontitis and carcinogenesis in different tumor types. The mechanisms of how the antibiotics exerts the critical role in the carcinogenesis and antitumor effects in malignancies other than CRC need to be further explored.