Zhou Cheng, Bai Xue-Yuan
Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 19;9:891065. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.891065. eCollection 2022.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory functions. Animal studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that MSCs can inhibit immune/inflammatory response in tissues and have good therapeutic effects on a variety of immune-related diseases. However, MSCs currently used for treatment are a mixed, undefined, and heterogeneous cell population, resulting in inconsistent clinical treatment effects. MSCs have dual pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory regulatory functions in different environments. In different microenvironments, the immunomodulatory function of MSCs has plasticity; therefore, MSCs can transform into pro-inflammatory MSC1 or anti-inflammatory MSC2 phenotypes. There is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanism that induces the phenotypic transition of MSCs to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory MSCs and to develop technical strategies that can induce the transformation of MSCs to the anti-inflammatory MSC2 phenotype to provide a theoretical basis for the future clinical use of MSCs in the treatment of immune-related nephropathy. In this paper, we summarize the relevant strategies and mechanisms for inducing the transformation of MSCs into the anti-inflammatory MSC2 phenotype and enhancing the immunosuppressive function of MSCs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）具有强大的免疫调节功能。动物研究和临床试验表明，MSCs可抑制组织中的免疫/炎症反应，对多种免疫相关疾病具有良好的治疗效果。然而，目前用于治疗的MSCs是一个混合的、未定义的和异质性的细胞群体，导致临床治疗效果不一致。MSCs在不同环境中具有促炎/抗炎双重调节功能。在不同的微环境中，MSCs的免疫调节功能具有可塑性；因此，MSCs可转变为促炎的MSC1或抗炎的MSC2表型。迫切需要阐明诱导MSCs向促炎或抗炎MSCs表型转变的分子机制，并开发能够诱导MSCs向抗炎MSC2表型转化的技术策略，为未来MSCs在免疫相关肾病治疗中的临床应用提供理论依据。在本文中，我们总结了诱导MSCs转化为抗炎MSC2表型并增强其免疫抑制功能的相关策略和机制。
