Oemig Frank, Blobel Bernd
IT-Consultant in Healthcare, Mülheim, Germany.
Medical Faculty, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 19;9:896670. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.896670. eCollection 2022.
Information systems are a complex thing, and they are mostly not used stand-alone anymore. In that context, many different issues must be considered. It starts with defining the system's purpose, includes the use cases and scenarios in combination with the necessary data ideally separated into distinct domains. Furthermore, it requires the selection of an appropriate set of supporting components/tools and a development environment including some technology to enable continuous integration. And the endeavor does not come to an end with the development of the system itself. To manage those challenges, thinking about design and architectural principles becomes a mandatory element. The situation gets more complicated with growing expectations regarding communication and cooperation between the more and more complex and dynamic ecosystem's actors. The resulting information system has to adhere to different, sometimes contradictory principles and requirements, frequently controlled by different authorities. This paper focuses less on developing information systems in general but concentrates on the aspects that must be considered when multiple requirements from different stakeholders for data exchange and knowledge sharing for advanced interoperability must be met. The latter is commonly underspecified due to missing proper verification of the correct interpretation of data. One intent of the paper is to promote the deployment of information models as a common basis to derive data exchange specifications establishing advanced interoperability. However, it also addresses the necessity to guarantee that the information models and implementable artifacts correctly represent the intended functions and objectives as well as the underlying concepts of the business system in its prevailing context. Therefore, we cannot limit our considerations on the data and information viewpoints.
信息系统是一个复杂的事物，而且它们如今大多不再单独使用。在这种背景下，必须考虑许多不同的问题。这始于定义系统的目的，包括结合必要数据的用例和场景，理想情况下这些数据应分为不同的领域。此外，还需要选择一套合适的支持组件/工具以及一个开发环境，包括一些实现持续集成的技术。而且，这项工作并不会随着系统本身的开发而结束。为了应对这些挑战，考虑设计和架构原则成为一项必不可少的要素。随着对越来越复杂和动态的生态系统参与者之间的通信与合作的期望不断提高，情况变得更加复杂。最终形成的信息系统必须遵循不同的、有时甚至相互矛盾的原则和要求，这些原则和要求常常由不同的权威机构控制。本文较少关注一般意义上的信息系统开发，而是专注于在必须满足来自不同利益相关者对数据交换和知识共享以实现高级互操作性的多种要求时，所必须考虑的方面。由于缺乏对数据正确解释的适当验证，后者通常规定得不够详细。本文的一个目的是推动将信息模型作为一个共同基础进行部署，以推导建立高级互操作性的数据交换规范。然而，它也涉及到必须保证信息模型和可实现的工件能够正确地表示预期的功能和目标，以及在其当前背景下业务系统的基础概念。因此，我们不能将考虑局限于数据和信息的视角。
