Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Emergency Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 18;10:957576. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957576. eCollection 2022.
To mitigate morbidity, mortality, and impacts of heat-related illnesses (HRIs) on health, it was vital to implement a comprehensive framework for HRI prevention and control. A recognized tool from the field of trauma prevention known as the Haddon matrix was applied. The matrix states that any event is affected by three factors: host, agent, and environment. In addition, another recognized tool known as the combined model was used in this study. The combined model is a three-dimensional model that includes the idea for the three axes of Haddon's matrix with the methodology of the community risk reduction (CRR) model.
To identify the environmental and individual risk factors of HRIs based on the Haddon matrix and the recommended prevention strategies by the CRR tool by using the combined model.
An extensive literature review was conducted to assess all the risk factors associated with HRI, as well as preventive measures. Then the Haddon matrix was used to structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details and timing. After that, the combined model was used to set all responses and mitigation measures for each element obtained from the Haddon matrix tool.
Projected increases in heat stress over the globe require the formulation and implementation of evidence-based HRI mitigation and preventive measures. In this study, we implemented the combined model that was utilized as a systematic strategy for the more theoretical framework of Haddon's matrix. Using the Haddon matrix to determine the HRI risk factors and the combined model to mitigate its impact was practical and helpful in planning, preparedness, and mitigating the HRIs during Hajj, provided a broad approach equivalent to the Swiss cheese model, and would facilitate an informed decision.
为了减轻与热有关的疾病（HRIs）对健康的发病率、死亡率和影响，实施综合的 HRIs 预防和控制框架至关重要。该研究采用了创伤预防领域公认的工具——Haddon 矩阵。该矩阵指出，任何事件都受三个因素的影响：宿主、致因和环境。此外，该研究还采用了另一个公认的工具，即联合模型。该联合模型是一个三维模型，包含 Haddon 矩阵的三个轴的思想以及社区风险降低（CRR）模型的方法。
根据 Haddon 矩阵和 CRR 工具的推荐预防策略，利用联合模型，确定 HRIs 的环境和个体风险因素。
进行了广泛的文献回顾，以评估与 HRIs 相关的所有风险因素以及预防措施。然后，使用 Haddon 矩阵对其进行结构划分，将人为因素与技术和环境细节以及时间分开。之后，使用联合模型为从 Haddon 矩阵工具获得的每个元素设置所有响应和缓解措施。
全球范围内热应激的预计增加要求制定和实施基于证据的 HRIs 缓解和预防措施。在这项研究中，我们实施了联合模型，将其作为 Haddon 矩阵更理论框架的系统策略。使用 Haddon 矩阵来确定 HRIs 的风险因素，并使用联合模型来减轻其影响，这在规划、准备和减轻朝觐期间的 HRIs 方面是实用和有帮助的，提供了与瑞士奶酪模型等效的广泛方法，并有助于做出明智的决策。
