Suboski M D
Behav Neural Biol. 1987 May;47(3):262-74. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90396-7.
Releasing valence transfer occurs when the power or valence to release responses is transferred from a primary releasing stimulus to a second, initially neutral, stimulus. In the exemplar, pecking responses by neonatal chicks are released and directed by a pointed object operated to make pecking movements. Stimuli attached to or pecked by the arrow thereby acquire enhanced releasing valence. Chicks peck at matching stimuli in preference to comparable but unenhanced stimuli. Research reported here shows that primary and transferred releasing valences are differentially affected by environmental variables. Specific findings were Pecking by chicks occurs only within a narrow range of ambient temperature. Outside of this range, pecking is low in frequency and insensitive to valence-enhanced release. Pecking by chicks appears to be finely tuned to arrow peck rates between 120 and 180 pecks per minute. Within this range, frequency of pecks by chicks is low whereas the percentage of pecks to the valence-enhanced stimulus is maximal. The maternal food call was a weak releaser of pecking by chicks with no valence-enhancing properties.
当释放反应的能力或效价从主要释放刺激转移到第二个最初中性的刺激时，就会发生释放效价转移。在这个示例中，新生小鸡的啄食反应由一个被操作以做出啄食动作的尖锐物体引发并引导。因此，附着在箭头上或被箭头啄过的刺激获得了增强的释放效价。小鸡优先啄食匹配的刺激物，而不是可比但未增强的刺激物。此处报告的研究表明，主要释放效价和转移释放效价受环境变量的影响不同。具体发现如下：小鸡的啄食仅发生在狭窄的环境温度范围内。在此范围之外，啄食频率较低，且对效价增强的释放不敏感。小鸡的啄食似乎对每分钟120至180次的箭啄速率进行了精细调整。在此范围内，小鸡的啄食频率较低，而对效价增强刺激的啄食百分比最高。母鸡的食物叫声是小鸡啄食的弱释放物，没有效价增强特性。
