Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Food Funct. 2022 Sep 22;13(18):9226-9242. doi: 10.1039/d2fo01827f.
leaf extract (EGb) is high in bioactive components (over 170), which are used in food additives, medicine, cosmetics, health products, and other sectors. Nonetheless, ginkgolic acids (GAs) in (GB) have been identified as the primary source of EGb's adverse effects such as embryotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inhibition of enzyme systems. As a result, the Chinese, European, and United States pharmacopeias all mandate that the GA concentration in EGb be less than 5 μg g. This review looked at the toxicity of ginkgolic acid (from and trials) as well as the technologies (such as adsorption/desorption, enzymatic degradation, counter-current chromatography, liquid-liquid microextraction, dual-frequency ultrasonic-solvent extraction, deep eutectic solvent, .) used to lower the GA to the desired concentration. These technologies' advantages, disadvantages, viability, and future trends were compared. In addition, several pharmacological significances of GA extraction, such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, ., were discussed, as well as future directions.
银杏叶提取物 (EGb) 富含生物活性成分（超过 170 种），广泛应用于食品添加剂、药品、化妆品、保健品等领域。然而，银杏酸 (GA) 已被确定为 EGb 产生不良影响的主要原因，如胚胎毒性、细胞毒性、神经毒性和抑制酶系统。因此，中国、欧洲和美国药典都规定 EGb 中的 GA 浓度应低于 5 μg g。本综述探讨了银杏酸的毒性（来自 和 试验）以及降低 GA 至所需浓度的技术（如吸附/解吸、酶降解、逆流色谱、液液微萃取、双频超声-溶剂萃取、深共晶溶剂等）。比较了这些技术的优缺点、可行性和未来趋势。此外，还讨论了 GA 提取的几个药理学意义，如抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤等，以及未来的发展方向。
