Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Campus Box 7620, 101 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Dep. of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0131, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2022 Nov;51(6):1310-1318. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20410. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
Antibiotics applied to soil through application of manure are of increasing concern due to their adverse environmental impacts, including their potential contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Two 90-d laboratory incubation studies were conducted to determine the effects of temperature (10 or 21 °C), pH (5, 7, 9), and soil texture (sandy loam, loam) on the persistence of two antibiotics (pirlimycin and cephapirin) applied to soils with dairy manure amendment. Dairy manure from treated and untreated cows was used as the source for this study. However, cephapirin was not detected in manure used for the study. Initial manure pH affected pirlimycin concentration of the manure, and there were differences in initial soil concentration between soil types. In the temperature experiment, pirlimycin concentration was significantly affected by temperature and soil type. In the 10 °C treatments, pirlimycin concentration initially decreased at 7 d but increased to levels similar to 0 d concentrations at 14 d, indicating possible deconjugation of pirlimycin ribonucleotide adducts in the manure applied. Although the loam soil type had a higher pirlimycin concentration in the temperature experiment at 0 d and 14 d, concentrations decreased below the sandy loam soil at 56 d and continued in the 90-d sampling period. Pirlimycin dissipation from dairy manure-amended soils was enhanced by higher temperature and finer soil texture, both of which could affect development of resistance genes if soil microbes are exposed to pirlimycin for longer periods of time.
由于抗生素对环境的不良影响，包括它们对环境中抗生素耐药性发展的潜在贡献，通过施用粪肥将抗生素应用于土壤引起了越来越多的关注。进行了两项为期 90 天的实验室培养研究，以确定温度（10 或 21°C）、pH 值（5、7、9）和土壤质地（砂壤土、壤土）对两种抗生素（吡利霉素和头孢匹林）在添加奶牛粪肥的土壤中的持久性的影响。本研究使用了来自处理过和未处理过奶牛的奶牛粪肥作为来源。然而，头孢匹林未在用于研究的粪肥中检测到。初始粪肥 pH 值影响粪肥中吡利霉素的浓度，并且土壤类型之间存在初始土壤浓度的差异。在温度实验中，吡利霉素浓度受温度和土壤类型的显著影响。在 10°C 处理中，吡利霉素浓度最初在 7 天内下降，但在 14 天内增加到与 0 天浓度相似的水平，表明粪肥中吡利霉素核糖核苷酸加合物可能发生去共轭。尽管在 0 天和 14 天的温度实验中壤土土壤类型的吡利霉素浓度较高，但在 56 天时浓度低于砂壤土土壤，并且在 90 天的采样期间继续下降。较高的温度和较细的土壤质地增强了奶牛粪肥添加土壤中吡利霉素的消解，这两者都可能影响抗性基因的发展，如果土壤微生物长时间暴露于吡利霉素。
