Kowalski Elias, Graf Johanna, Schneider Axel, Zipfel Stephan, Stengel Andreas
Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Gesundheitsamt Freudenstadt, Gesundheitsamt Freudenstadt, Freudenstadt, Germany.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2023 Mar;73(3-04):139-147. doi: 10.1055/a-1876-2777. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
The COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with massive impacts on mental health. For example, people with pre-existing mental illness were particularly vulnerable to mental health deterioration. It is known that resilience and general self-efficacy can be protective factors for mental health in the face of stress and challenge such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is the first to examine the associations of resilience and general self-efficacy on mental health coping with acute COVID-19 infection in home isolation.
This study is a cross-sectional online survey of people with acute, PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 infection during their home isolation. Recruitment was conducted by telephone via the Freudenstadt health department (Germany). After informed consent, study participants received a link for an online questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic aspects, resilience, general self-efficacy, COVID-19 somatic health, psychological burden (depressiveness, anxiety, somatic symptom disorder), stress experience, and coping strategies. Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and multiple linear regressions with resilience and general self-efficacy as independent variables were performed.
A total of 224 home-isolated people with acute COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Lower resilience and lower general self-efficacy were each related with more intense perception of COVID-19 somatic symptoms, higher psychological burden, increased stress perception, lower coping skills, and lower experienced support.
Resilience and general self-efficacy are essential for mental health as well as for coping with acute COVID-19 infection. They not only protect against negative effects on mental health but also enhance positive effects. Resilience is positively related to the perception and evaluation of somatic COVID-19 symptoms. More resilient people with COVID-19 infection feel physically healthier.
Home-isolated people with acute COVID-19 infection should be screened for support needs using standardized brief questionnaires to avoid negative psychological and somatic consequences. Demand-driven, low-threshold, digital, and individualized intervention programs should also be developed and established for the home isolation setting.
新冠疫情可能对心理健康产生巨大影响。例如，患有既往精神疾病的人尤其容易出现心理健康恶化。众所周知，心理韧性和一般自我效能感在面对新冠疫情等压力和挑战时，可作为心理健康的保护因素。本研究首次探讨了心理韧性和一般自我效能感与居家隔离期间急性新冠感染心理健康应对之间的关联。
本研究是一项针对居家隔离期间经聚合酶链反应确诊为急性新冠感染患者的横断面在线调查。通过德国弗罗伊登施塔特卫生部门电话招募。在获得知情同意后，研究参与者收到一份在线问卷链接。该问卷评估了社会人口学特征、心理韧性、一般自我效能感、新冠躯体健康状况、心理负担（抑郁、焦虑、躯体症状障碍）、压力体验和应对策略。进行了描述性统计、相关性分析以及以心理韧性和一般自我效能感为自变量的多元线性回归分析。
共有224名居家隔离的急性新冠感染患者纳入本研究。较低的心理韧性和较低的一般自我效能感均与对新冠躯体症状的更强烈感知、更高的心理负担、增加的压力感知、较低的应对技能以及较少的获得支持体验相关。
心理韧性和一般自我效能感对于心理健康以及应对急性新冠感染至关重要。它们不仅能抵御对心理健康的负面影响，还能增强积极影响。心理韧性与新冠躯体症状的感知和评估呈正相关。感染新冠且心理韧性更强的人感觉身体更健康。
对于居家隔离的急性新冠感染患者，应使用标准化简短问卷筛查其支持需求，以避免负面心理和躯体后果。还应为居家隔离环境制定并建立需求驱动、低门槛、数字化且个性化的干预项目。
