Innab Adnan, Alammar Kamila, Alqahtani Naji, Aldawood Fatima, Kerari Ali, Alenezi Ali
Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Anfas Medical Care Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Nurs. 2022 Sep 7;21(1):250. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-01028-4.
Proper pain assessment is fundamental to effective pain management. Training nursing staff is critical for improving pain assessment competence and patient clinical outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research examining interventions that can enhance nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain management, especially in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured education program on nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pain management.
A quasi-experimental design was used. The study sample included 124 registered nurses working in intensive care or inpatient units in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between March and September 2021 using a knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain, satisfaction with and self-confidence in learning, and the learning self-efficacy scale for clinical skills.
Nurses showed moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain before (M = 20.3, SD = 4.80) pain management education, which were significantly higher after the intervention (M = 22.2, SD = 5.09, t = 2.87, p < .01). Before the intervention, nurses with a baccalaureate degree had more knowledge and better attitudes regarding pain management than diploma nurses (t = 3.06, p < .01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p > .05), indicating that the education was effective in enhancing nurses' knowledge and attitudes, regardless of nursing education level. Nurses in this study had high mean scores for self-confidence in learning (M = 35.6, SD = 4.68, range = 18-40), self-learning efficacy (M = 52.9, SD = 7.70, range = 25-60), and satisfaction with learning (M = 22.2, SD = 3.24, range: 10-25).
Regular pain education programs can improve nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Increasing the breadth and depth of educational courses, alongside appropriate training, competency-based assessment, and pain education programs, is also recommended. Future research should consider the subjectivity and individualized nature of nursing by including patient satisfaction surveys to measure the improvement in nurses' knowledge and attitudes from the patient perspective.
恰当的疼痛评估是有效疼痛管理的基础。培训护理人员对于提高疼痛评估能力和患者临床结局至关重要。然而，缺乏研究来检验能够增强护士对疼痛管理的知识和态度的干预措施，尤其是在沙特阿拉伯。因此，本研究旨在评估一项结构化教育项目对护士关于疼痛管理的知识和态度的有效性。
采用准实验设计。研究样本包括124名在沙特阿拉伯重症监护或住院病房工作的注册护士。于2021年3月至9月期间，使用一份关于疼痛、对学习的满意度和自信心以及临床技能学习自我效能量表的知识和态度调查问卷收集数据。
在疼痛管理教育之前，护士对疼痛的知识和态度处于中等水平（M = 20.3，标准差 = 4.80），干预后显著更高（M = 22.2，标准差 = 5.09，t = 2.87，p <.01）。在干预前，拥有学士学位的护士在疼痛管理方面比文凭护士有更多的知识和更好的态度（t = 3.06，p <.01）。然而，干预后两组之间没有显著差异（p >.05），这表明该教育在增强护士的知识和态度方面是有效的，无论护理教育水平如何。本研究中的护士在学习自信心（M = 35.6，标准差 = 4.68，范围 = 18 - 40）、自我学习效能（M = 52.9，标准差 = 7.70，范围 = 25 - 60）以及学习满意度（M = 22.2，标准差 = 3.24，范围：10 - 25）方面的平均得分较高。
定期的疼痛教育项目可以提高护士的知识和态度。还建议增加教育课程的广度和深度，同时进行适当的培训、基于能力的评估以及疼痛教育项目。未来的研究应考虑护理的主观性和个性化特点，纳入患者满意度调查以从患者角度衡量护士知识和态度的改善情况。
