CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
CRETUS, Department of Microbiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Sep 20;56(18):13152-13159. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05001. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
The growing concern about antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has focused on the sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a potential hotspot for their development and spread. To this end, it seems relevant to analyze the changes on the microbiota as a consequence of the antibiotics that wastewater may contain. This study aims at determining whether the presence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), even in relatively low concentrations, modifies the microbial activities and the enzymatic expression of an activated sludge under aerobic heterotrophic conditions. For that purpose, we applied a metaproteomic approach in combination with genomic and transformation product analyses. SMX was biotransformed, and the metabolite 2,4(1,3)-pteridinedione-SMX (PtO-SMX) from the pterin-conjugation pathway was detected at all concentrations tested. Metaproteomics showed that SMX at 50-2000 μg/L slightly affected the microbial community structure, which was confirmed by DNA metabarcoding. Interestingly, an enhanced activity of the genus and specifically of five enzymes involved in its central carbon metabolism was found at increased SMX concentrations. Our results suggest a role of genus on SMX risks mitigation in our bioreactors.
对抗生素耐药微生物的日益关注集中在废水处理厂 (WWTP) 的污泥上，因为它是这些微生物发展和传播的潜在热点。为此，分析废水可能含有的抗生素对微生物区系变化的影响似乎是相关的。本研究旨在确定磺胺甲恶唑 (SMX) 的存在，即使浓度相对较低，是否会改变好氧异养条件下活性污泥的微生物活性和酶表达。为此，我们应用了一种代谢组学方法，并结合基因组和转化产物分析。SMX 被生物转化，并且从蝶啶结合途径的代谢物 2,4(1,3)-蝶啶二酮-SMX (PtO-SMX) 在所有测试浓度下都被检测到。代谢组学表明，50-2000 μg/L 的 SMX 对微生物群落结构略有影响，这通过 DNA 宏条形码得到了证实。有趣的是，在增加的 SMX 浓度下，属的活性增强，特别是其中心碳代谢中涉及的五种酶的活性增强。我们的结果表明，属在我们的生物反应器中减轻 SMX 风险方面发挥作用。
