个人价值观和持续注意力作为童年中期儿童帮助行为的预测因素。
Personal values and sustained attention as predictors of children's helping behavior in middle childhood.
作者信息
Misgav Kinneret, Shachnai Reut, Abramson Lior, Knafo-Noam Ariel, Daniel Ella
机构信息
Department of School Counseling and Special Education, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
出版信息
J Pers. 2023 Jun;91(3):773-788. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12773. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
OBJECTIVE
This study tested the effect of personal values (motivation) and sustained attention (cognitive ability) on children's helping behavior.
METHOD
Children (N = 162, age range 8-9 years, mean = 8.81, SD = 0.43) completed value ranking and go/no-go tasks, and their helping behavior was examined.
RESULTS
Children who valued self-transcendence over self-enhancement helped more than others. Surprisingly, children's lack of sustained attention was associated with more helping among those who valued self-transcendence over self-enhancement or openness-to-change over conservation values. Valuing both self-transcendence and openness-to-change was also associated with more helping.
CONCLUSIONS
Children are more likely to help others if they value self-transcendence and openness to change. Notably, children's tendency to act upon these values may be facilitated (rather than obstructed by) low attention skills.
目的
本研究测试了个人价值观（动机）和持续注意力（认知能力）对儿童帮助行为的影响。
方法
儿童（N = 162，年龄范围8 - 9岁，平均 = 8.81，标准差 = 0.43）完成了价值观排序和停止信号任务，并对他们的帮助行为进行了考察。
结果
重视自我超越而非自我提升的儿童比其他儿童更乐于助人。令人惊讶的是，在那些重视自我超越而非自我提升或重视开放性改变而非保守价值观的儿童中，注意力缺乏持续集中与更多的帮助行为相关。同时重视自我超越和开放性改变也与更多的帮助行为相关。
结论
如果儿童重视自我超越和开放性改变，他们更有可能帮助他人。值得注意的是，儿童基于这些价值观采取行动的倾向可能会因注意力技能较低而得到促进（而非阻碍）。
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